November 1S91.J 



PSYCHE. 



175 



tion for the change they glue this end 

 tightly to the surface of a leaf, and with 

 such a superfluity of substance as to 

 make this end of the interior rounded. 



At first the pupa retains the bright yellow 

 color of the larva, the eyes and tips of the 

 mandibles being black, and the outer surface 

 of the legs and wings and especially the in- 

 cisures of the legs infuscated. Afterwards 

 when nearing the final change, the pupa as- 

 sumes the color of the beetle, a brilliant deep 

 bronze, though the abdominal rings, espec- 

 ially at the tip, still retain somewhat of their 

 original yellow. 



The pupal state lasts nearly four weeks 

 in Massachusetts, in one instance from 

 Aug. 4 to Aug. 30. The pupa seems 

 to be free, moving at least its head and 

 hinder legs with ease ; in the change 

 the old skin is thrown off as a thin 

 transparent pellicle, which looks as if 

 only large enough to cover the end of 

 the abdomen, while the old larval skin 

 may be discovered packed tightly away 

 next the old opening. By using its 

 jaws upon the end of the case with 

 which they are in contact, the enclosed 

 beetle succeeds in making little trans- 

 verse cuts around the former bottom of 

 the sac until finally the old egg-covering 

 with a little more is lifted at the single 

 part of the bitten circle remaining as at 

 a hinge, and the beetle presents himself 

 with all his fresh beauty to the world. 



I once found on July 15 a case glued 

 to a fern leaf, and noticing a series of 

 fine holes around the glued end I opened 

 it and discovered the larva in position 



for change to pupa, but lying against its 

 middle the pupa of a hymenopterous 

 parasite of a uniform light amber color 

 with deep amber eyes and about 1.75 

 mm. long. Five days later I noted 

 change in color and discovered that the 

 body of the Chlamys larva was simply 

 crammed with similar hymenopterous 

 pupae, twenty-three in all ; three days 

 later they emerged, but unfortunately 

 were never determined and are now 

 lost. When the pupae had gained their 

 color, however, the dorsal portions of 

 the abdominal segments were very dark 

 brown, almost black, with a few indis- 

 tinct transverse yellowish streaks and a 

 similar streak across the thorax just 

 behind the head ; there are three ocelli 

 in a row on the top of the head between 

 the eyes ; the hind legs just reach the 

 tip of the abdomen but the other legs, 

 like the hind legs appressed to the sides 

 of the body, are short. 



Other larval cases similarly attacked 

 were found where the parasites had left 

 the case ragged at the end opposite to 

 the glued part where they had made 

 their escape. 



There are apparently at least two 

 broods of this beetle which I have found 

 in the latter part of July and in the 

 latter part of August and early in Sep- 

 tember. Probably the beetles hiber- 

 nate. (Notes taken in 1859-1861.) 



The larva and its case are figured by 

 Riley (Rep. ins. Missouri, vi, fig. 37 

 on p. 130). 



