PERCHING-BIRDS. 111 
very similar in appearance. The common Bell-bird or “ Campanero” 
(C. niveus) (1654) carries on its forehead a long fleshy erectile appendage, 
ornamented with short white feathers; while C. ¢ricarunculatus (1655) 
has three long vermiform wattles, one on the base of the bill and two 
lateral ones at the angles of the gape, and C. variegatus (1657) has the 
naked throat covered with a beard of long straggling bristles. Only the 
male Bell-birds bear these ornaments. Their note is loud and clear, 
like the sound of a bell, and in the stillness of a tropical evening may 
be heard at a distance of several miles. Other striking forms are 
the bare-necked Gymnoderus fotidus (1658), which has a decidedly 
vulturine appearance, the naked-faced Gymnocephalus calvus (1661), 
the handsome crimson Hematoderus militaris (1662), and the great 
Pyroderus scutatus (1664), one of the largest members of the group. 
The second subfamily, Colingine, includes a number of birds of 
brilliant plumage, notably the members of the genus Cotinga, of which 
C. cayana (1674) and C. cincta (1675) are striking examples ; the dark 
crimson Xipholena pompadora (1665), the curious swallow-tailed 
Phibalura flavirostris (1876), and the diminutive species of Jodopleura 
(1669-70), the smallest birds of the group. 
To the third subfamily, Rupicoline, belong the splendid Cocks-of-the- 
Rock (Rupicola) (1680-2), with their extraordinary compressed crest, and 
the Red Chatterers (Phenicocercus carnifex) (1683). In the males of 
the former the end of the first flight-feather is curiously attenuated, 
while in the latter the fourth flight-feather is shortened and terminates 
in a horny filament. In the breeding-season the males of Rupicola 
have been observed by Schomburgk to dance with outspread wings and 
leap into the air before an assembled flock of their kind, much after the 
manner of Blackgame. The nest of mud and sticks is fastened to the 
rocky projections of caves, and the eggs are buff spotted with reddish- 
brown and lilac. 
Attila thamnophiloides (1684) represents the subfamily Aftiline, a 
dull-coloured group with a strongly hooked bill; and the fifth subfamily, 
Lipaugine, an equally sombre-coloured assemblage, includes the genera 
Lathria (1685), Aulia (1686-7), and two others. 
The sixth subfamily, Tityrine, is worth noting on account of the 
excessively short second flight-feather characteristic of the males of the 
group. Examples will be found in 7ityra cayana (1688), Hadrostomus 
aglaie (1689), and Pachyrhampnus viridis (1690). 
Family I]. Pipripa#. Manakins, 
This family comprises about 70 small species, closely related to the 
Cotingide, but distinguished by the different scaling of the tarsi and by 
having the outer and middle toes more closely bound together at the 
[Case 69, ] 
