338 The Ancient Styles and Designations of Persons. 
It is so in the instance of “ Mr. Thomas Alcock” before cited ; 
and in the chancel at Cobberly, near Cheltenham, there is on a 
gravestone the following inscription :— 2 
“« Mr. Lewis Jones Rector Buried July 20 1651 Aged 105 Years.” 
Mace. 
This is a style still used by the lower classes in North Wiltshire 
to tradesmen and sons of farmers. Thus at Ogbourne St. George, 
a brickmaker, whose name is Davis, is called ‘‘ Mace Davis,” and 
sons of farmers are called ‘“‘ Mace John” or ‘‘ Mace Thomas,” the 
surname being sometimes added and sometimes not. 
BACHELOR. 
This appears in ancient times to have been a term of very wide 
signification. Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins in his Law Dictionary 
(Tit: Bachelor), says that ‘Those were called Bachelors of the 
Companies in London whom we should call Freemen of the Com- 
pany, the Company consisting of the Master, Wardens, Assistants, 
Liverymen, and Bachelors ; which in some companies are called the 
Yeomanry of the Company.” 
The name of Bachelor (he says) was also applied to that species 
of Esquire ten of whom were retained by each Knight Banneret on 
his creation ; and (he adds) that there is a petition in the Tower of 
London which commences, “A nostre Seigneur le Roy monstrent 
votre simple bachelor Johan de Bures,” &c. [To our Lord the King 
showeth your simple bachelor John de Bures, &c.|; and that the 
term Bachelor was anciently applied to the High Admiral of 
England if he were under the degree of a Baron. 
Those who have the honour of Knighthood but are not Knights 
of any Order, are called Knights Bachelors. 
At our Universities there are Bachelors of Arts, which is the 
first degree taken there, and Bachelors of Arts are considered as 
still in a state of pupilage, although they have taken this degree ; 
and by the 305th section of the Act of Parliament for making a 
railway from the Great Western Railway to the City of Oxford 
(6 & 7 Vict., chap. 10), it is enacted— 
That if the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, the Proctors, Proproctors, Heads of 
