20 
on the island ; and though no raptorial bird nests here, yet many 
of the gulls are veritable birds of prey, and sundry of the newly- 
hatched Eider Ducklings are snapped up, on their way from the 
nest to the sea, by the voracious Greater Black-backed Gulls 
(Lavus mavinus), and disappear in a twinkling in their capacious 
gullet. Even the Cloud-berries are devoured with avidity both 
by gulls and by others of the feathered inhabitants of the 
island. 
The breeding season is over; it is in the month of July, and 
we set out upon our ramble over the island. Here and there on 
the small peat hillocks one hears the melancholy call-note of the 
Lapland Bunting (Calcarius lapponicus), and the male in his bright 
coloured summer plumage, with the broad reddish-brown collar 
and the yellow beak, regards attentively and without the least 
shyness, the intruder who sets foot in his domain. From the 
more swampy places sounds incessantly the song of the Pipits, 
when the male mounts a certain distance into the air, and sinks 
again on to a tussock or stone. Of the Pipits, the Red-throated 
species of the eastern arctic regions (Anthus cervinus) 1s, upon 
this island, nearly as common as the Meadow-pipit; and as 
it flies, the difference between it and the latter species is quickly 
seen; it appears larger, and has a longer and sharper call-note. 
The two species are commonly found intermingled in the same 
locality ; the nests and eggs show no constant difference, though 
the eggs of A. cervinus are generally furnished with spiral lines, 
which as a rule are wanting in those of the other. 
Where the surface is bare, and the ground stony or lichen- 
covered, one generally finds a pair of Shore Larks (Ofocorys 
alpestris), established ; this is likewise a Siberian species, which in 
comparatively recent times has immigrated from the East, and 
is now included among the more common of the small birds of 
Finmarken. Even before the snow has yet entirely melted, the 
hen is sitting on her eggs, in the nest lined with yellowish- 
white willow down; and the young, which are covered with an 
unusually soft and fluffy plumage, must often find themselves in 
a snow storm or sleet squall, which makes the ground perfectly 
white round the nest. During the time of incubation the male 
executes his insignificant song, whilst he, like a true Lark, flies 
