25 
or young of these species have been found with certainty in the 
extreme north, lead to the conclusion that their chief nesting 
places lie nearer to the Pole than any lands, which civilised man 
has hitherto explored. Their real habitat no human being per- 
haps has yet trod. 
We have already mentioned the Little Stint (Tvinga minuta), 
which is somewhat less polar in its habits than the preceding 
species, and nests moreover so far towards the south as along 
the Arctic Ocean coast of Asia and Europe. The same remark 
applies to the Grey Plover (Squatarola helvetica), which in Jederen, 
—where it occurs like the above named, during the migration 
seasons,—has obtained the unmerited name of ‘‘Spanish Plover.” 
This species nests, like the Little Stint, in the Tundra districts 
of North Siberia, and eastwards to the mouth of the Petchora. 
The Grey Phalarope (Phalavopus fulicarius) does not nest so far to 
the south as Norway. 
Among the web-footed birds, besides the Brent Goose (Bernicla 
brenta), already alluded to above, we are also visited by Steller’s 
Duck (Hentconetta stellevi) the most prettily marked of all our 
ducks. This species, the male of which bears an extraordinarily 
variegated plumage with a silky gloss on it, never breeds west of 
the Murman coast,* but visits Varanger Fjord every winter in 
large numbers. In thesummer also an occasional flock of young 
birds ranges about in the Fjords of Finmarken. The King Eider 
(Somateria spectabilis) moves likewise in the winter in flocks to the 
Finmarken coasts from its still more northerly breeding stations. 
A couple of other north-easterly forms, which never nest in 
Norway, are the Bewick’s Swan (Norwegian, Dwarf Swan, Cygnus 
bewickt), and the Smew (Norwegian, Dwarf Fish-Duck, Mergus 
albellus), and this applies probably also to the White-fronted 
Goose (Ansey albifrons). As mentioned above however, it is 
proved, that the Barnacle Goose (Bernicla leucopsis) may, in excep- 
tional cases, remain to breed. 
We may also mention, as non-breeding members of the gull 
family,—besides the white-winged gulls previously named (Larus 
glaucus, L. leucopterus and Pagophila eburnea),—the ‘‘ Broad-Tailed”’ 
* Russian Lapland; the N.W. corner of Russia, between Norway and the 
White Sea.— 7rans/. 
