33 
and winter migration in southern Norway, but has as yet never 
been discovered nesting with us. 
Finally it may be mentioned, that in the summer of 1876, 
Fisheries-Inspector Landmark found resident by Bérs-Elv (in 
Porsanger) a Warbler, which probably was the Asiatic Acrocephalus 
dumetorum ; it occurs now near Archangel, and has thus perhaps 
already reached our territory. 
It remains to point out which species of birds are stationary 
here, and are capable of enduring the long winter with the 
rigorous weather and the short day-light, which prevails in these 
northern latitudes. 
Of such species,—the hardiest outposts of the bird-world on 
the European continent,—we may name, among the Tits the Lap- 
land Tit and the Northern Marsh-Tit ; among the Finch tribe the 
Snow Bunting, the Mealy Redpoll (Lznota linaria), and the Tree- 
sparrow; also, the Water-Ouzel; and of the Crow tribe the 
Raven, the Magpie, the Hooded Crow, and the Siberian aye: 
lastly, among the Woodpeckers the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 
and the Three-toed Woodpecker. 
Of gallinaceous birds, besides the two Ryper (Ptarmigan and 
Willow Grouse), there is also the Capercaillie, but the Black 
Grouse is wanting in the further districts of Finmarken, and the 
Hazel Grouse does not pass the middle of Nordland (Ranen). 
Among the waders scarcely any other species are normally 
stationary than the Purple Sandpiper (Tvinga striata); of rap- 
torial birds the White-tailed Eagle, and the Osprey, the Gyrfal- 
con, and a couple of Owls (the Snowy Owl and the Hawk Owl, 
Surma ulula), together with one or two individuals of our two 
common species of hawk, viz.: the Sparrow-Hawk. and Gos- 
Hawk; lastly, among the web-footed birds most of the Gulls, 
the Eider-duck, the two species of Cormorant, as well as the 
species of the Auk-tribe which have been already mentioned. 
Some of these winter-residents among the small birds we 
shall touch on very briefly. In most of the fir woods, which in 
the larger Fjords cover the shores or the sides of the valleys, 
we shall frequently stumble upon a flock of Siberian Jays (Peri- 
soveus infaustus), which with extended wings float about from tree 
3 
