PASSERIFORMES. I 
Order COLUMBA. 
Now that the Didide have become extinct, the order Columbe contains only one 
suborder. 
Suborder 7. COLUMB. 
The Columb combine three characters that are not known to be combined in any 
other birds :— ? 
A. Young born helpless and not passing through a downy stage. B. Palate schizo- 
gnathous. C. Nasals schizorhinal. 
To these may be added many others :-— 
D. Basipterygoid processes present. 








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The ambiens and accessory femoro-caudal muscles make their first appearance in the 
Columbe ; but in some Pigeons the former is absent, and in a few the latter, though 
it is not known that in any species both are absent. 
The presence or absence of the ambiens muscle, a character to which Garrod and Forbes 
attached primary value, is not to be rejected as worthless, though it breaks down in the 
following suborders, each of which contain some species with an ambiens muscle and others 
eee Psittaci, Steganopodes, Herodiones, Tubinares, Gavise, Pygopodes, and 
asuarii, 
The presence or absence of the accessory femoro-caudal muscle is apparently of more 
taxonomic value, as it is only known to break down in the following suborders :—Columbe, 
Cuculi, Tubinares, Limicole, and Gralle. 
