36 CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS, 
Order GALLO-GRALLA. 
The birds comprised in the order Gallo-Gralle possess three characters which are not 
known to be combined in any bird outside the order :— 
A. Palate not desmognathous. B. Young born covered with down and able to run in 
afew hours. ©. Keel of sternum well developed. 













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In dividing the Gallo-Gralle into suborders several difficulties present themselves. Of 
these perhaps the separation of the Gralle from the Fulicarie is the most open to dispute. 
Combined they include twelve families, of which six are schizorhinal and six are holorhinal. 
If the twelve families be separated according to their pterylosis, six of them have the lateral 
bare tracts extending some way up the neck, whilst in the other six they scarcely reach the 
neck at all. There are three courses open to the morphologist. The Grallz can be divided into 
four suborders, or they can be divided into two, either upon their pterylosis, or upon their 
nasals. I have chosen the last-mentioned course, because three of the twelve families 
possess the remarkable character of having a powder-down patch on each side of the rump. 
Either the first or the second course would have placed one of these families in a different 
suborder from that which contained the other two; whilst the last course leaves these three 
families in one suborder. 
