

GALLIFORMES., 39 
Suborder 28. GRALL/. 
The Cranes and their allies may be diagnosed as follows :— 
A, Maxillo-palatines not coalesced with each other or with the vomer. B. Nasals 
schizorhinal. ©. Dorsal vertebrae heteroccelous. D. Young born covered with 
down, and able to run ina few hours. . If a deep plantar tendon reach the 
hallux, it proceeds from the flewor longus hallucis and not from the flewor perforans 
digitorum. 











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Tho Grallz consist of six families, the two smallest containing only a single species each, 
and the iargest not containing a score species :— 
Gruide (Grus, Aramus, &c., Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 275).—The Cranes have 
no notches on the posterior margin of the sternum ; no powder-down patches on each 
side of the rump ; a tufted oil-gland; and the four bare tracts on the body extend 
Some way up the neck. 
Turnicide (Huxley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 303).—The Hemipodes have a deep notch 
on each side of the posterior margin of the sternum; no powder-down patches on 
each side of the rump; a tufted oil-gland; but the spinal bare tract does not reach 
the neck, though the other three do. 
Rhinochetide (Parker, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. p. 501).—The Kagu has no notch on the 
posterior margin of the sternum ; a nude oil-gland; a powder-down patch on each 
side of the rump, and the four bare tracts on the body extend some way up the neck, 
Mesitide (Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 267).—The Madagascar Kagu has the 
sternum of a Hemipode, combined with the other characters of the Kagu. 
Eurypygide.—the Sun-Bitterns have a notch on each side of the posterior margin of 
the sternum; a nude oil-gland; and powder-down patches, but none of the bare 
tracts on the body extend beyond the base of the neck. 
Pteroclide.—tThe Sand-Grouse have two notches on each side of the posterior margin 
of the sternum; a nude oil-gland; and no powder-down patches; nor any lateral 
bare tracts on the neck. 
