

PASSERIFORMES. 7 
Suborder 5. UPUP. 
The Hoopoes and their allies may be diagnosed as follows :— 
A. Deep plantar tendons free, B. Episternal process perforated to receive the feet of 
the coracoids. 
To this diagnosis may be added many other characters :— 
C. Palate desmognathous. D. Oil-gland tufted. E. Spinal feather-tract forked on the 












upper back. 
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The Upupx may probably be divided into two families—the Upupide and the Irrisoride. 
We have already had occasion to note the importance of the existence of a spinal feather- 
tract on the neck. A second character of importance to be found in the pterylosis of the 
upper parts is, that in some birds the spinal feather-tract continues uninterruptedly down 
the neck, and is not split by a spinal bare tract on the upper back; whilst in others it is 
so split. Amongst the birds which have a well-defined spinal feather-tract we may 
recognize three modifications :— 
Accipitrine.—Spinal feather-tract foiked on the upper back. 
Hirundine.—Spinal feather-tract forked on the lower back. 
Sylviine.—Spinal feather-tract not forked at all, though widening into a saddle on the 
lower back. 
