6 CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS. 
Suborder 4. SCANSORES. 
The Woodpeckers and their allies may be diagnosed in various ways. The following 
character is diagnostic :— 
A, Flexor perforans digitorum leading to third digit only ; flewor longus hallucis first 
sending a tendon to the other plantar, then a second to fourth digit, after which (if 
hallux present) splitting into two tendons, one leading to hallux, the other to second 
digit. 
The combination of the following two characters is also diagnostic :— 
B. Feet zygodactyle. C. Spinal feather-tract well defined on the neck, and forked on 
the lower (not on the upper) back, 
To these characters may be added :— 
D. Basipterygoid processes absent. 








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The Scansores consist of six families, which differ from each other as follows. They may 
be divided into two groups :— 
a. PASSERINE Scansorus: with caca and a nude oil-gland, 
Galbulide.—No vomer ; a narrow clayicular feather-tract on each side of breast; a 
small aftershaft. 
Bucconide.—Vomer present ; no clavicular feather-tract ; no aftershaft. 
6. Picinz ScansorEs: with no ceca, but with a tufted orl-gland. 
Picide.—Palate schizognathous ; vomer slender, pointed, split. 
Indicatoride.—Palate xgithognathous; ventral feather-tract forked on throat, but 
not on each side of breast; vomer bifid. (Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, 
p- 930.) 
Capitonide.—Palate sometimes «githognathous, sometimes desmognathous ; vomer 
bifid; ventral feather-tract forked on throat and on each side of breast. 
Tthamphastide.— Palate desmognathous ; vomer truncated; postscapular feather- 
tracts separated on lower back and rump. (Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, 
p- 462.) 
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