PASSERIFORMES, 
Suborder 3. TROCHILI. 
The Humming-Birds may be diagnosed as follows :— 
A. Young born helpless and not passing through a downy stage. B. Palate schizo- 
gnathous. C. Basipterygoid processes absent. D. Nasals holorhinal. E. Front 
plantar leading to three front toes ; hind plantar leading to hallux, 
This diagnosis is complete without character C. 























| | Veale Weal 
12} | |e : 
LN best ee ria} |S] |g | : gz 
y - -| . | &p ee Men | mm Sle Oca < lies clalal ja 313 _|a 
alel:/2] /elsie| [s/f] | lelslS/Zlelslsisleclfie| (8! lSislerclg| ‘cls 
2 lei gle fOls! Je lslelrslo Sielel(ClsiS1olBZ /o/s/& = B)/ol 8/5 tS = 
PSM S/S Srelferlalel/S Silo -SlOEls rel Oe So S/SlSle SIVISiSiSlSlE| - elle 
SPSS SESS lslSle SSS clsielSisl/eis Ele se S| Sloueleis/e ss 
|e a} 5 H/2 S/Fysope ea SS ees @ S'slelre slerslie&ea|sisl|o' s\s 
B OlSlSliClSela SlH|/Sre See Ss} ce res [eS = C=! S|. Yale 
S/S/EI/SISSlolsisl|a(Sl\b @ Slo|Ssialfie Sis Fve\Slels cl Fis bel Rie aS af) 
Pee eee eee eee CEC EeerREeer 
a 1g |S SS |S [ra I 6D IH ag [05 oe) Ql 6d |xH 15 [es BL ics © JC OD Hag |S 
Bisel OO SS ON STS IG I Ca CN IR 5 GS |S 68 OE 0 
SS H-FEEEEEE REE CERRO eee 
AN) ss]. Ir ent Beal alo * falls l lal)» | alae] a) | | | a) * #| | + 
28) |S) 9) eee fel ees eee ea fe fe eal eal eal el dled bee ee secleee] ee] | oe | 
Ci}. *|%|.. * * [eseleee * | + * veeeslene) sled al alla 
Lea er |e 3] hea eee Bee hale eeals || |.../. i llone| oaerees (pe 
E |.. |...) [ee soos *| noe [foe lee | wel aeleseleee * | * 
| Real | | 











The Humming-Birds, the Swifts, the Owls, and the Pelicans are the only birds known to 
have neither ambiens, accessory femoro-caudal, semitendinosus, nor accessory semitendinosus 
muscles ; but it is not to be supposed that this coincidence denotes relationship in any 
way. 
Garrod and Forbes attached great importance to the bifurcation of the nasal bone, of 
which they recognized two modifications :— 
Holorhinal—Angle of bifurcation rounded off and placed forwards, so that a line drawn 
across the skull at a tangent to the two curves falls in front of the lachrymals and 
the termination of the nasal processes of the premaxillary. 
Schizorhinal.—Angle of bifurcation in most cases very acute, but occasionally rounded ; 
always placed backwards, so that the apex extends as far back as the posterior 
terminations of the nasal processes of the premaxillary between the centres of the 
lachrymals. 
These characters are only known to break down in the Passeres and the Gavie. 
