4 CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS. 
Suborder 2. KURYL/EMI. 
The Broadbills may be diagnosed as follows :— 
A. Palate egithognathous. B. Young born helpless and not passing through a downy 
stage. ©. Flexor longus hallucis leading to hallux after sending down a tendon 
to the flewor perforans digitorum, which leads to three front digits. 
To this diagnosis may be added many other characters :— 
D. Oil-gland present, but nude. EE. Nasals holorhinal. F. Dorsal vertebre hetero- 
coelous, 
Characters D and E, or E and F, may be substituted for character B if preferred. 






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The arrangement of the deep plantar tendons appears to me to have much more 
taxonomic value than has been attached to it. The modifications to which it is subject may 
be classified as follows :— 
Passerine.—Front plantar (flexor perforans digitorum) splitting into three tendons at 
the foot of the tarsus to lead to the three front toes (second, third, and fourth digits). 
Hind plantar (fleaor longus hallucis) leading to hallux only, and not connected with 
front plantar, either by a fibrous vinculum or a tendon. 
Galline.—Front plantar as in the Passerine arrangement. Hind plantar connected with 
front plantar either by a fibrous vinculum or by a tendon, and leading either (a) to 
hallux only, (4) to first and second digits, (c) to first, second, and third digits, (d) to 
all four digits, or, where the hallux is absent or very small, (e) coalescing with the 
front plantar. 
Trogonine.—Front plantar leading to the two front toes (third and fourth digits). Hind 
plantar leading to the two hind toes (first and second digits), and also sending down 
a tendon to front plantar. 
Picine.—Front plantar leading to third digit only. Hind plantar leading to first, 
second, and fourth digits, and also sending down a tendon to front plantar. 
Coraciine—Plantars coalesced, but front plantar (sometimes before, sometimes after 
coalescence) leading to hallux. Front plantar leading either (q) to first, second, and 
third digits, or (5) to all four digits. Hind plantar leading either (a) to third and 
fourth digits, or (6) to second, third, and fourth digits. 
