112 REVIEW OF AMERICAN BIRDS. [PART I. 
history of the family, as no species belong to Middle or North 
America. I quote the date of the genus from Gray, not knowing 
where it is described, unless it be in the Dese. Mamm. et d’Ois. of 
Lesson, a book to which I have not access. 
Two well established species are C. unirufa (Lafr.), Bogota, and 
C. unibrunnea, Lafr., Ecuador, both of which I have had the oppor- 
tunity of examining. 
A young bird of C. unibrunnea differs from the adult in having 
the anterior portion of body brown, instead of reddish; the basal 
portion of gape and lower jaw yellowish, not black. 
CYPHORINUS, Cas. 
Cyphorinus, CABANIS, Tscnupr, Fauna Peruana, 1845-46, 183. (Type 
C. thoracicus, Tscu. = Thryothorus modulator, D’OrB.) 
Body short and stout. Tail rounded, very short, scarcely more than half 
the wings, and falling short of the outstretched toes. First primary about 
half the longest; secondaries developed, nearly as long as the primaries. 
Bill distinctly notched, but without rictal bristles ; about as long as the head ; 
much compressed, and elevated at the base (greatest depth about one-third 
length), where the culmen is angulated and quite sharp. The nostrils are 
not in the anterior end of the nasal groove, but in the middle of the nasal 
membrane against its upper edge, and forming a small, truly circular tubular 
opening, surrounded by a low wall, the axis of the opening directed apparently 
obliquely downwards (not horizontally). Legs well developed; tarsi rather 
longer than middle toe and claw; lateral toes equal, hind toe shorter than the 
middle. Tarsi 6-scutellate, the scutelle not very distinct; the sides of legs 
in one plate. Outer lateral toe with basal joint, and half the next, adherent 
to basal joint of middle toe; inner lateral with half its basal joint similarly 
adherent; or, to express the relation otherwise, the whole outer edge of basal 
joint of middle toe, and half the inner, adherent to the lateral toes. 
I have not the opportunity of examining the species upon which 
the genus was based by Cabanis, but have selected a near ally, C. 
lawrencii, Scl., as probably having the same peculiarities. The 
genus is a very remarkable one, and not easily mistaken for any 
other, on account of the characteristics of the circular nostrils sur- 
rounded by membrane, ete. 
The genus Cyphorinus, as given by Dr. Sclater, includes two 
subgenera—Cyphorinus and Microcerculus. I find, among his 
species of Microcerculus, two quite strongly marked sections, of 
which bambla and prostheleucus are respectively the types, and for 
the latter I propose the name of Heterorhina. A larger number of 
specimens will be required to decide as to the permanence and value 
of the characters which appear to present themselves in the skins 
