164 REVIEW OF AMERICAN BIRDS. [PART I. 
In further illustration of the character of the tongue in the Sylvi- 
colidx, I here present the result of an examination of alcoholic 
specimens of other families, some of these, unfortunately, in poor 
condition. 
Turpipa: Turdus migratorius and swainsoni have the tongue 
rather acute, and fleshy, with horny edges and tip, which is almost 
entire or very slightly bifid, and its sides very little, if at all, lacerated. 
Saxiconrip#: Scalia sialis. Tongue similar to last, perhaps still 
less lacerated. 
Sytvupa#: Regulus satrapa. Tongue rather broad; very slightly 
lacerated around the ends of the horny part, but apparently not bifid. 
These three families seem to agree pretty well in having the tongue 
either entire at the end, or very slightly bifid or notched, with the 
edges nearly entire. The appearance of laceration may, to a con- 
siderable extent, be due to the softening of the membranes of the 
horny portion of the tongue, which allows the apparently fibrous 
basis to be liberated around the edges. 
In the Motacillide and Sylvicolidz the tongue differs in being 
more horny, more deeply bifid at tip, and the outer edges and tip 
of the two portions lacerated or coarsely divided into a fringe, usu- 
ally in the ends, to a less degree on the sides, and in a direction 
nearly parallel with the axis of the tongue, or radiating from the 
bottom of the notch. The horny part of the tongue is quite con- 
siderable, and the notch involves generally about one-third or one- 
fourth of it (less of the entire tongue). In making this generaliza- 
tion I have examined the following species :— 
MoracintipaZa: Anthus ludovicianus. 
SyLviconipa: Mniotilia varia; Parula americana; Proto- 
notaria citrea; Geothlypis trichas; Icteria virens; Teretristis 
Jfornsii; Seiurus aurocapillus and noveboracensis ; Dendroica 
virens, canadensis, coronata, blackburnia, castanea, pennsylvanica, 
striata, zstiva, maculosa, “tigrina,” palmarum, discolor ; Helmintho- 
phaga celata and ruficapilla; Myiodioctes mitratus, pusillus, cana- 
densis ; Setophaga ruticilla—twenty-six species in all. I have not. 
had the opportunity of examining any species of Helmitherus or 
Oporornis ; nor of Dendroica superciliosa, which I much regret.t 
' Tam indebted to Prof. Agassiz for the opportunity of examining Helmin- 
thophaga ruficapilla. 
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