SYLVICOLID. 165 
Icteria and Teretristis do not differ from the rest, although it has 
been suggested to place the latter genus in Cerebide. 
The Parip@ (Parus septentrionalis, Auriparus flaviceps, Psal- 
triparus minimus, Sitta canadensis) have the tongue thicker and 
more fleshy than in Sylvicolidx ; only moderately horny at ends and 
tips, and only slightly bifid and lacerated, much less than in Sylvico- 
lide, and about as in Turdidex, but less horny. 
The Hirunpinip# (H. horreorum and bicolor) have the tongue 
short, broad, triangular, quite fleshy, with a shallow notch at end, the 
sides scarcely or not at all lacerated. 
The VirEONID (JV. crassirostris and barbatula) have the tongue 
more like the Paridz than the Sylvicolide. 
The characteristics of C®REBID#, as far as I have been able to 
examine their tongues, I have already referred to in detail. The 
other families of Oscines will hereafter be referred to. 
In the TyRANNID# the tongues of Muscivora mexicana, Pitangus — 
derbianus, and Todirostrum are horny for most of their length, 
nearly linear, or gently tapering to a blunt, almost truncated tip, — 
which is not bifid, but has several short incisions in the end. 
In the Topip# the tongue of Yodus viridis is broad and linear 
to the blunt tip (shaped like the bill), and throughout horny, thin- 
edged and entire. 
In GALBULIDA a Galbula from South America has the tongue 
equally horny, but long, narrow, tapering gently to a point, and 
without any incision whatever. 
In the “ Birds of North America” I have dwelt at much length 
upon the characters by which the North American genera of Sylvico- 
lide are distinguished, and refer to that work for particulars, repro- 
ducing here only some of the diagnostic tables, with a few modifica- 
tions. These can doubtless be much improved; but I have not time 
at present to attempt to work them over again, and must content 
myself here with dwelling in detail only on the forms of Middle and 
South America. It will be noticed hereafter that while the Sylvico- 
line proper belong essentially to North America, it is in Middle and 
South America that the Setophagine have the greatest development. 
The following synopsis is an attempt at defining the higher sub- 
divisions of the Sylvicolide. In the large number of species, their 
close relationships, and the very gradual transition from one form to 
another, I have found it very difficult to make any arrangement by 
