PARULA. 169 
The following synopsis may aid in determining the species of 
Parula :— 
A. Color above plumbeous blue, with a triangular interscapular 
patch of olive; beneath yellow anteriorly. Lateral tail 
feathers with a square patch of white on inner webs. 
Yellow reaching only to breast. Feathers of jugulum 
clouded with dark brownish. Eyelids only white. 
White patches on three lateral tail feathers. Two white 
bands on wings . ° . . . . . - americana. 
Yellow extending over the belly. Jugulum only slightly 
varied with ochraceous. No white on side of head. 
white patches on two lateral tail feathers. Two white 
bands on wings. Forehead and lores black . . - pityayumi. 
Similar to last, but without white on the wings. Jugulum 
not ochraceous : . . : . ° é . inornata. 
B. Above ashy. No white on wings and tail, except on inner 
margins of lateral tail feathers. Beneath yellow or red 
anteriorly. 
From chin to breast yellow, with a well defined brown 
_crescent on throat. Whole back olivaceous. A stripe 
over eye, and eyelids white . A . . ° . superciliosa. 
From chin to jugulum plain orange-red. A crescentic 
saddle of black on the back. No white on side of head. 
Lores black . 2 . . ? . . : - gutturalis. 
Parula americana. 
Parus americanus, Linn. §. N. 10th ed. I, 1758, 190.—Motacilla am. 
Gueuin.—Sylvia am. Latu., Aup.— Sylvicola am. Ricu., Aup.— 
Jones, Nat. in Bermuda, 1839, 59.—Parula am. Bon. List Birds N. A. 
1838.—Gossr, Birds Jam. 1847, 154 (Jamaica).—Barrp, Birds N. 
Am. 1858, 238.—Scuater, P. Z. 8. 1857, 202 (Xalapa).—Is. Ibis, 
1859, 10 (Guatemala).—Is. Catal. 1861, 26, 163.—Nerwron, Ibjs, 
1859, 143 (Santa Cruz; winter).—Cassin, Pr. A. N. S. 1860, 376 
(St. Thomas ).—Gunpuacu, Cub. Jour. 1861, 326 (Cuba; very com- 
mon)},.— Compsothlypis am. Cas. Mus. Hein. 1850, 20.—Is. Jour. III, 
1855, 476 (Cuba). 
Ficedula ludoviciana, Brisson. —Motacilla lud. Gu.—Motacilla eques, 
Bopp.—Sylvia torquata, Vir. —Thrysthorus torg. SrEPHENS.— 
Sylvia pusilla, Wits.—Sylvicola pus. SwAns. 
Figures: Aup. Orn. Biog. I, pl. xv.—lIs. B. A. II, pl. 91.—Viernt. Ois. 
Am. II, pl. 99.—Wus. Am. Orn. IV, pl. xxviii.—Burroy, pl. enl. 
Wel, figs > M0sfig. 1. 
Hab. Eastern province of United States, north to the Lakes, west to the 
Missouri Valley ; in winter south to Guatemala (not seen on the west coast 
of Mexico). West Indies; Bahamas ; Cuba; Jamaica; St. Croix; St. Thomas. 
