440 REVIEW OF AMERICAN BIRDS. [PART I. 
Black of loral space without any lightening above 
it. Frontal black band well marked. Inner 
webs of secondaries (except innermost) pure 
white to shaft, except along rather more than 
terminal half, where the shaft is bordered 
by black. Axillars whitish. Tail feathers 
black to base, except the loose fibres, which 
are grayish. Bill from nostril, .60. Under 
parts without waved lines. White patch on 
wing reaching nearly opposite to end of Ist 
primary. Tarsus about equal to the gape . elegans. 
Above light ash color. Upper tail coverts and forehead > 
much lighter than the back, the former sometimes 
almost white. Sides and breast generally nearly 
pure white. 
Black of loral space with conspicuous hoary 
margin above it. Inner web of secondaries 
much as in C. ludovicianus. Axillars whit- 
ish. Tail feathers with concealed white 
patch at bases of all the feathers. Bill from 
nostril, about .50. No waved lines beneath. 
White patch on wing reaching nearly oppo- 
site to end of lst primary. Tarsus longer 
than the gape. . . . . - excubitoroides. 
Collurio borealis. 
Lanius borealis, Viet.tor, Ois. Am. Sept. I, 1807, 90, pl..—Sw. F. B. A. 
Il, 1831, 111.—Avp. Syn. 1839, 157.—Is. Birds Am. IV, 1842, 130, 
pl. 236.—Cassin, Pr. A. N. Sc. 1857, 212.—Max. Cab. Jour. VI, 
1858, 190 (Upper Missouri).—Jonxs, Nat. Bermuda, 1857, 51 (Ber- 
muda).—Collyrio borealis, Bairp, Birds N. Am. 1858, 324.—Coorrr 
& Sucxiey, P. R. Rep. XII, 1, 1860, 188 (Washington Territory). 
Lanius excubitor, Forster, Phil. Trans. LXII, 1772, 382 (not of Linnavs). 
—Wusoy, I, 1808, 74, pl. v, fig. 1. 
Lanius septentrionalis, Bon. Syn. 1828, 72 (not of Gmetiy, which cannot 
be identified as an American species).—Is. Rev. et Mag. Zool. - 
1853, 294.—Cassin, Pr. A. N. Sc. 1857, 213.—Murray, Ed. New 
Phil. Jour. XI, 1859, 223 (H. B. T.). 
Hab. Whole of America north of United States; in winter south to Wash- 
ington, St. Louis, Prescott (Ariz.), and north California. 
(No. 19,545, 4, in full spring plumage.) Fourth quill longest; 3d and 5th 
little shorter ; 2d shorter than 6th; exposed portion of 1st not quite half that 
of longest. 
Whole upper parts pure clear light ash; beneath (including axillars) pure 
white, the breast and upper part of belly waved transversely with obsolete 
narrow dusky lines (about .15 of an inch apart); each feather having two 
or three, which are curved, convex,.and thé terminal one some distance from 
the tip. Bristly feathers covering the nostrils and the feathers along the 
50 
