442 REVIEW OF AMERICAN BIRDS. [PART I. 
still more different: the more distinct dark transverse waved lines 
extend over the whole under surface from chin, except about the 
anal region; the upper parts almost continuously ochrey brown; 
the black eye stripe indicated only by rather dusky ears; the white 
at base of primaries nearly or entirely wanting; the white at end 
of tail feathers more restricted. Every grade of coloration between 
these extremes is to be met with. 
As usual in American birds, the more boreal specimens are de- 
cidedly the larger. The species probably does not breed within the 
limits of the United States, except possibly in the northern portions 
of the mountain regions; but in winter it is found over the entire 
breadth of the country to quite a southern latitude. 
Lanius major, Pauuas, Zoog. Rosso-As. I, 1831, 401, and Kry- 
SERLING & Buastus, Wirb. Europas, I, 1840, 1x, and 193, from North- 
eastern Europe and Siberia, judging from the description, appears 
to resemble borealis in size and other characters; the dark inner 
webs of the secondaries ; the diminished amount of black anterior 
to the eye; the whitish rump, and the waved lines of the under 
parts, as well as in having the tarsus shorter than the gape. The 
rump, however, is said to be waved transversely with dusky, and 
the eyelids to be white, as in excubitor, not black. 
The differences in color of C. borealis from ludovicianus and 
excubitoroides are shown in the preliminary diagnoses. The bird 
is stouter in form, with proportionally longer bill, and decidedly 
shorter tarsi. The tarsi are considerably shorter than those of 
excubitoroides. 
Specimens examined, fifty-three. 
are the following :— 
The more important localities 
| 
Smith- 
Collec-} Sex When 
sonian| tor’s | and Locality. C Received from Collected by . 
ollected. 
No. No. | Age. 
19,545 | 394 3 | Fort Resolution, 
Great Slave Lake. | April24,’60.| R. Kennicott. |  ...... 
27,317 |1,342 Fort Simpson. aie Bich) Ross: 3 Vek ee hesloee 
27,319 |1,621 Ft. Peel’s River. Sere R. Kennicott. Ba dor 
27,511 | 962 Fort Youkon. Sept 24,760.) ea Hele stad aw Pica 5 
27,312. | 173 1°) WY June 27. Jas. Lockhart. {| = «sexe 
31,450 | 164 -. | Fort Rae. June 10, 65:4 bi Clawkk.s 45-0 ei} 1h tee 
19,551 39 .» | Fort Liard. April2.7 60 uly saci: EROSBS 0 tn ies aoe 
$2,345 ee -- | Moose Factory. ates Jo. Maekunziay hw iy asters 
23,256 34 .. | New Brunswick, G;Ac) Boardmanti,| 6 eceneam 
17,192 oe -. | Halifax, N.S. Jie We Ga WV LOnOlls wa aiure eneateiate . 
907 aa ee Oarlisle. Pa, Noy. 1842. 8. F. Baird. aanoc 
12,501 as Q | Washington, D.C. | Feb. 10,46.) R. J. Pollard. seeeee 
7,196 27 .. | Shoalwater Bay, W.| | Nov. 1854. Dr. J. G. Cooper. vs\sielpie 
16,169 eae Q | Fort Crook, Cal. [T. | on OL RenmMene re 2) et ena 
18,329 ae od | Hellgate, Montana. Lt. Mullan. | Jno, Pearsall 
11,061 Bs gd | Fort Bridger. | April 16. C. Dremler. (7h) (ity iter. . 
39,369 |1,152 .. | Fort Whipple, Ar, Reka 6, ‘65. | Dr. E. Coues, auiniaieis 
(27,312,) With eggs. 
(707.) 9.80; 14.50; 4,50, 
(39,369.) 10.20; 14.80. 
