COLLURIO. 443 
Collurio Ludoviciamts. 
Lanius ludovicianus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1766, 134 (based on Lanius ludo- 
victanus, Brissoy, II, 162, tab. xv, fig. 2).—Avp. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 
300, pl. 37.—Is. Birds Am. IV, pl. 237.—Cassin, Pr. A. N. Se. 1857, 
213.— Collyrio ludovicianus, Bairp, Birds N. Am. 1858, 325. 
Lanius ardosiaceus, Vieiuot, Ois. Am. Sept. I, 1807, 81, pl. li. 
Lanius carolinensis, Wits. Am. Orn. III, 1811, 57, pl. xxii, fig. 5. 
Hab. South Atlantic (and Gulf?) States. 
(No. 3,054.) Fourth quill longest ; 3d, and then 5th little shorter ; 2d inter- 
mediate between 6th and 7th; 1st about half the longest. 
Upper parts rather dark plumbeous-ash, almost inappreciably paler on the 
upper tail coverts ; beneath dull bluish-white, the sides of body pale plumbe- 
ous, shading insensibly into the whitish of belly; the axillars, for the most 
part, almost as dark plumbeous as the back, the outer webs of those nearest 
the wine whitish (the inner wing coverts dark plumbeons, edged with dusky). 
In the- Specimen described (perhaps female) the feathers of jugulum and 
breast present very obsolete and indistinct waved transverse lines of pale 
plumbeous, and some of the upper tail coverts are tipped with blackish. 
Bristly feathers at side of upper mandible continuous with a broad stripe 
through and behind the eye to posterior extremity of ear coverts, black. This 
stripe extends narrowly above and broadly below the eye, and is not varied 
on lower eyelid with white. There is no black frontal line, although the 
black frontal bristles of opposite sides sometimes almost meet. Forehead 
and side of crown as far as the eyes somewhat hoary, shading into the ash 
of the head. Outer webs of scapular feathers also whitish, shading into the 
color of back. Wings black; the lesser coverts only like the back; the tips 
of secondaries, and a distinct patch at base of primaries, white. This patch 
crosses the bases of all the primaries (indistinct on the outer), extending 
farthest along the middle ones, where it reaches a point but little beyond the 
middle of the exposed portion of the outer primary. The inner webs of 
the secondaries are gray or whitish for about half way from the border to the 
shaft, but not abruptly defined. The tail is black; the concealed bases of all 
the feathers, except perhaps the innermost, are white; the entire terminal 
third of the outer feather, and still more of its outer web, with a constantly 
decreasing amount on the succeeding feathers as far as the fourth, white ; the 
shafts, however, are dusky almost to their extremities. Bill and feet black. 
(No. 3,054.) Total length, 8.50; wing, 3.72; tail, 4.10, its graduation, .92; 
exposed portion of lst primary, 1.76, of 2d, 2.40, of longest (measured from 
exposed base of Ist primary), 2.75; length of bill from forehead, .82, from 
nostril, .50, along gape, .98, depth, .36; tarsus, 1.00; middle toe and claw, 
-82, claw alone, .30; hind toe and claw, .65, claw alone, .32. 
Of the ten specimens before me nearly all exhibit, to a greater or 
less extent, the obsolete wavings on the feathers, described above. 
In several, also, the lesser wing- and upper tail-coverts are tipped 
occasionally with blackish—features not observed in excubitoroides. 
. There is some variation in amount of white on the tail in No. 542, 
