6 



There are numerous small rivers on Calayan, four of them being 

 within a mile of the town. The island seems to have been pretty much 

 all under the sea, for I found coral limestone extensively over the lower 

 parts and at the highest points visited. Near the eastern point of 

 the island, however, there are fairly well-preserved basaltic columns. 



The climate is excessively wet, During the time we were there 

 scarcely thirty-sis consecutive hours passed without at least a shower. 

 In November and December there were continuous heavy rains, which 

 interfered seriously with our work. The strong northerly and north- 

 easterly winds reduced the temperature below the point of comfort. On 

 October 20 a typhoon, which destroyed the church and many bouses, 

 cut down all of the bananas and ruined much of the rice, which was 

 nearly ripe. The natives told me that this was the strongest wind they 

 bad ever seen. 



Some 95 species of birds were noted on Calayan, of which the fol- 

 lowing are Philippine : 



Leucotreron leclancheri. Uroloncha everetti. 



Amaurornis olivacea. Cinnyris whiteheadi. 



Podicipes philippinensis. Dicaeum pygmseum. 



Salangana marginata. Zosterops rneveni. 



Eudynamis mindanensis. Pardaliparus elegans. 



Corone philippina. Muscicapula luzonensis. 

 Oriolus chinensis. 



The above species are enough to outweigh the presence of two Asiatic 

 genera (Hypsipetes and Sphenocercus). 



Calayan, Fuga, and probably the other Babuyanes (Camiguin, Dalu- 

 piri, and Babuyan) belong zoologically with the Philippines, but by 

 no means can they be joined with the Luzon group. The genera Hypsi- 

 petes and Sphenocercus, with representative species of Macropygia, Otus, 

 EudynamiSj and Hyloterpe, give Calayan a very distinct fauna. The 

 negative evidence is even stronger, for of the forty or fifty species 

 peculiar to the Luzon group only Cinnyris whiteheadi and Zosterops 

 mey.eni occur on Calayan. The following genera are altogether wanting: 

 Penelopides, Dicrwrus, Dendrophila, Megalurus, Orthotonus, Cittocin- 

 da, Pycnonotus, Artamides, HypothymiSj Rhipidura, Pitta; also all the 

 woodpeckers, parrots, sunbirds (but one), and flower-peckers (but one). 

 As we spent four months on the island there is little probability that any 

 of these forms occur and were overlooked. 



A number of species added to the Philippine list from Calayan are 

 of interest, but as they are probably migrants they afford no evidence 

 as to the faunal relationship of the Babuyanes. It is probable that 

 most of them will be taken in Luzon. 



NOTES ON THE SPECIES OBSERVED. 



Megapodius cumingi Dillwyn. 



Abundant on Fuga, where several specimens were killed and many 



