THE ORIOLES. ate 
Troupial (Icterus vulgaris), in colour much resembling 
the Black-headed Oriole figured, but with a Starling- 
like bill and longer tail and legs, has been occasion- 
ally brought to India, and makes a much nicer pet 
than any true Oriole. For, charming as they are at 
large, the Orioles make very poor cage birds, and are 
not interesting even in an aviary. It will be enough to 
mention our two commonest species here. 
Tue BLACK-HEADED ORIOLE (Oriolus Melanocephalus). 
—This is perhaps the commoner of the two species I 
am dealing with, being found nearly all over India, be- 
sides Ceylon and Burma, though it does not go far up 
the hills. The yellow of its plumage is particularly rich 
and deep, but the female is not quite so bright as the 
male. The young have the black head streaked with 
yellow, and the yellow of the body, which is pale, plenti- 
fully streaked with black. Their bills also are black, 
while that of the old bird is a lovely rose-pink. This 
seems a particularly hard bird to keep in confinement ; 
common as it is about Calcutta, I have very seldom 
known it to be successfully caged, even though nestlings 
are often brought in. 
Tue InDIAN Go~pEN ORIOLE oR Manco-Birp (Orio- 
lus kundoo) called Pashnool in Kashmir, is found 
higher up the Himalayas than the last species, and is 
spread all over India, but does not extend to the 
eastwards nor to Ceylon. It is an even more lovely bird 
than the last, being all yellow on the head as well as 
the breast and back, except for a black streak on each 
side of the face. The yellow is also of a lighter but 
