CHEAPER “Vil. 
WoopPEcKERS, BARBETS, BTC. 
Tue Pittas bring us to the end of the Passerine 
birds, and the few species I shall have to deal with now 
will belong to quite other groups, which are easily made 
out. 
THE WOODPECKERS. 
These are known to the hatives as Kat-tokra, and are 
‘very easily recognizable birds. They have a straight, 
tapering, chisel-tipped bill and feet with only two toes in 
front and one or two behind ; the outer front toe being 
as it were turned back, so that the real hind toe is rather 
thrown into the shade, and is often very small, or may 
be dispensed with altogether. 
The tongue of a Woodpecker is a most curious 
structure ; it is long and wormlike, with a horny tip 
furnished with numerous barbs, and can be shot out of 
the mouth for some distance, the arms of the hyoid or 
tongue-bone being long and curved right round. over 
the head under the scalp, and acting like a pair of springs. 
In young birds the barbs at the tip of the tongue are not 
developed at first. 
Another very characteristic point of the structure of 
most Woodpeckers is the tail. This is rather short, with 
