18 KEY AND FLORA 



P. mucrona'ta Sudw. (P. Douglas'ii Carr), (incorrectly called 

 Oregon Pine and Red Fir). This is found in California and 

 Oregon, and usually grows near streams. It becomes a very tall 

 tree. The wood is yellow or reddish and rather coarse, and the bark 

 is fissured. 



X. PFNUS, Pine 



Monoecious. Staminate clusters crowded at the base of the 

 young shoots of the season ; pollen scales spirally arranged, 

 forming an elongated, cylindrical cluster, with 2 pollen sacs 

 to each scale (Fig. 1, 2). Fertile flowers of spirally arranged 

 carpel scales on an axis, each scale bearing 2 ovules at base 

 (Fig. \, 3). Fruit a cone ripening the second year, but often 

 remaining unopened on the tree several years. Leaves ever- 

 green, needle-shaped, in bundles of from 2-5, enclosed in a 

 sheath of membranous scales (Fig. 1, d). Seeds generally 

 winged (Fig. 1, 4). 



a. P. Lambertia'na Dougl. Sugar Pine. Leaves 5 in a sheath, 

 3-4 in. long. Cones long, narrow, cylindrical, from a foot to more 

 than 2 ft. long when fully grown, pendent at the ends of the branches 

 the second year, the scales ivithout knobs or prickles. This is a very tall 

 and large pine, with the upper branches widely spreading and with 

 irregular and picturesque outlines. It is common in the Sierra 

 Nevada Mountains at moderately high elevations and on most of 

 the high peaks of the Coast Mountains, extending into Washington 

 and Oregon. 



b. P. montic'ola Dougl. Small Sugar Pine. This is a smaller 

 tree than the preceding but similar, with leaves 5 in a sheath, about 

 2 in. long. Cones 3-8 in. long, with the scales without knobs or 

 prickles, reflexed when the seeds are ripe. This is common in the 

 higher Sierra Nevada Mountains, especially northward, and extends 

 into Oregon and Washington at lower elevations. 



c. P. pondero'sa Dougl. Yellow Pine, Leaves 3 in a sheath, 

 5-11 in. long, rather thick. Cones oval, 3-5 in. long, sessile, spread- 

 ing or recurved, generally several together ; scales with stout prickles. 

 Wings on the seeds not quite an inch long, widest above the middle. 

 This is one of the largest pines of the coast. It is found in the 

 mountains in the same region as the Sugar Pine but more widely 

 distributed. The variety Jeffrey! is found generally at higher eleva- 

 tions and has longer, coarser leaves, and much larger cones.. This 

 is the most widely distributed species and one of the most prized 

 timber trees. 



