34 KEY AND FLORA 



yellow gland at the base of the segments. Stamens nearly free, 

 with filaments at first recurved. 



a. Z. Fremon'ti Torr. Bulb with outer coats almost black. Stems 

 from a few inches to about 4 ft. high. Racemes simple or compound, 

 with few or many flowers. Bracts leaf -like. Flowers from less than 

 a half inch to nearly an inch in diameter. Perianth entirely free from 

 the ovary ; outer segments without a claw, inner with claws. Glands 

 wavy. Stamens shorter than the perianth. Styles short. Capsule 

 oblong, 3-lobed, septicidally dehiscent. Spring. 



b. Z. veneno'sus Watson. Death Camass, Hog's Potato. 

 Flowers smaller than the preceding, generally in a simple raceme, 

 the low^er sometimes staminate. Segments of the perianth from 

 triangular-ovate to elliptical, with blades rounded or slightly cordate 

 at base, all wath claws. Capsule oblong-ovate with 2 seeds in each 

 cell. This grows in wet meadow^s or along streams. The bulb is 

 said to be poisonous, except to hogs. Spring. 



XIII. SMILACI'NA, False Solomon's Seal 



Stems from a horizontal rootstock, simple, leafy. Flowers 

 white, very small, in a simple or compound terminal raceme. 

 Anthers versatile on awl-shaped filaments. Fruit a berry. 



a. S. amplexicau'lis Nutt. Stems from 1 to 3 ft. high. Leaves 

 broad, half clasping the stem. Flowers very smcdl, in an oblong or 

 pyramidal panicle. Filaments equaling or even surpassing the divi- 

 sions of the perianth in length and breadth. Fruit a light-red berry 

 with darker dots. This is common in rich, shady woods. Spring. 



b. S. sessilifolia Nutt. Stems not so tall. Leaves narrower and 

 lighter green. Raceme simple, with star-like flowers on spreading pedicels. 

 Stems half as long as the divisions of the perianth. Berry green 

 with red lines, becoming dark red when fully ripe. This is common 

 in shady woods. Spring. 



XIV. DIS'PORUM (PROS ARETES), Fairy Bells, Drops of Gold 



Stems from a spreading rootstock, widely branching, leafy. 

 Leaves alternate, sessile or clasping. F'loivers greenish white, 

 bell-shaped, hanging under the leaves from the upper axils. 

 Fruit an orange or salmon-color berry. 



a. D, Menzie'sii Benth. & Hook. Perianth broad at base, with 

 divisions somewhat swollen. Stamens shorter than the perianth. 



