44 KEY AND FLORA 



glandular teeth. Seeds with wings as broad as the body. Bracts of 

 the catkin 3-lobed. Most common on the western side of the Rocky 

 Mountains. 



CUPULIF'ER^. Oak Family 



Monoecious trees or shrubs. Staminate flowers in catkins ; 

 pistillate forming, in fruit, a nut in a cup-like or bur-like 

 involucre. 



I. QUER'CUS, Oak 



Staminate flowers in slender, fringe-like catkins, with a 

 6-lobed perianth ; pistillate usually single, consisting of a 

 3-celled ovary enclosed in a bud-like involucre which becomes 

 a cup. Stigmas 3. Only 1 of the ovules ripens to form an 

 acorn ; the other 5 can be seen as rudiments. 



a. Q. loba'ta Nee. Valley Oak, Roble, AVhite Oak, Weeping 

 Oak. Leaves large, deciduous, deeply lobed with obtuse divisions, 

 3-4 in. long on stout petioles. Cup deep, with a rough warty sur- 

 face, acorns 1-3 in. long, usually pointed. These trees grow to a 

 great size, and are generally isolated in fertile valleys. They have 

 graceful, drooping branches. Throughout California. 



h. Q. Garrya'na Dougl. A large tree, often 10-12 ft. in circumfer- 

 ence, with bark only 1 or, at most, 2 in. thick. Leaves thick, strongly 

 veined, 4-6 in. long, 2-5 in. wide, with coarse lobes, obtuse or acute, 

 entire or again lobed, dull green on the upper side, pale green or 

 yellowish on the lower, turning brown or red in the fall. Acorns 

 sessile or on short peduncles, with the nut oval and obtuse, about 1 ^ 

 in. long, in small, shallow cups. The winter buds of this oak are 

 nearly half an inch long and are densely tomentose. It is found in the 

 valleys and hills north of San Francisco Bay and extends to British 

 Columbia. It is common in OregOH and Washington. 



c. Q. Douglas'ii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak, White Oak. Leaves 

 an inch or two long, deciduous, oblong, with shallow lobes, bluish 

 green, veiny. Cup usually shallow, with flat scales ; acorns oblong, 

 often swollen in the middle. Baj^k usually light gray, causing the 

 trunks to be very noticeable on hillsides. From Tehachapi to the 

 Sacramento Valley. 



d. Q. oblongifo'lia Ton. Evergreen Live Oak or White Oak 

 of southern California. Leaves evergreen, oblong, often entire, or with 

 a few blunt teeth, thick, with the reining almost concealed. Cup with 

 warty surface, acorns oblong. Not found north of Tehachapi. 



