DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 117 



I. ARA'LIA, Ginseng, Spikenard 



Calyx 5-toothed or enllre. Petals 5, ovate. Stamens 5. 

 Pistil with the ovary 2-5-celled, and the styles free or slightly 

 united at base. Leaves alternate, compound. Umbels simple, 

 either in racemes or panicles. Pedicels not jointed. 



A. Calif or'nica Watson. Herbs, 8-10 ft. high, from a thick aro- 

 matic root. Leaves large, bipiiinate, with ovate-lanceolate leaflets, 

 simply or doubly serrate. Umbels globular, generally in panicles. 

 Fruit when ripe forming a purple berry. This is frequent along 

 shaded streams. 



II. FAT'SIA, Devil's Club 



Densely prickly shrubs with large palmately lobed leaves 

 and greenish white flowers in dense paniculate umbels. 

 Calyx teeth icanting. Petals 5, valvate in bud. Stamens 5, 

 alternate with the petals. Ovary 2-3-celled ; styles 2. Fruit 

 a drupe. Fedicels jointed. 



F. hor'rida Benth. & Hook. Stems stout, woody, creeping at base, 

 leafy at summit, very prickly. Leaves roundish, heart-shaped in out- 

 line, prickly on both sides. Styles united to the middle. This is 

 common in shady woods from Oregon northwards. It forms thickets 

 which; on account of the thorny stems, are almost impassable. 



UMBELLIF'ER^. Parsley Family 



Herbs with hollow, grooved stems and small flowers in 

 umbels. Calyx usually a 5-toothed rim around the top of 

 the ovary. Petals 5, small. Stamens 5, inserted on a disk 

 on the top of the ovary. Ovary 2-celled and 2-ovuled, ripen- 

 ing into 2 carpel-like akenes, which readily separate from 

 each other. Each carpel bears longitudinal ribs, in the fur- 

 rows of which secondary ribs often occur. On a cross-section 

 of the fruit the oil tubes are seen as dots. They traverse the 

 spaces between the ribs, and are pretty near the surface of 

 the fruit. The seeds contain a small embryo enclosed in 

 considerable endosperm. The family is difiicult, and the 



