DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 155 



stiff, short bristles. Corolla funnel-form with, narrow lobes. 

 Stamens 4, on the throat of the corolla. Style slender ; stig- 

 mas 2, thread-like. Fruit covered with hooked bristles, split- 

 ting into 2 parts, to the walls of which the seeds adhere. 



K. galioi'des Torr. This grows in damp, shady places in the 

 Sierra Nevada Mountains, chiefly northward. 



m. GA'LIUM, Bedstraw, Cleavers 



Herbs ivith slender stems, tvhorlecl leaves, and no stijndes. 

 Flowers small, white or greenish. Calyx without a border. 

 Corolla wheel-shaped, 4-parted. Stamens short ; styles 2, 

 short, with cap-like stigmas. Fruit dry or fleshy, of 2 

 similar rounded parts with 1 seed in each. 



* Fruit a berry. Perennials. 



a. G. Califor'nicum Hook. & Am. Stems low, generally growing in 

 bunches. Leaves thin, oral, with a bristle-tipped apex; margin and mid- 

 rib icith stijf hairs. Fruit pearly white when ripe, turning black when 

 dried, smooth, on recm-ved pedicels. Common from San Francisco 

 southward. 



b. G. Nuttal'lii Gray. Shrubby, climbing over the bushes, ivith a tangled 

 mass of slender stems which are minutely spiny on the angles. Com- 

 mon throughout California near the coast. 



c. G. Andrews'ii Gray. Low, densely matted, nearly smooth, 

 with leaves bright, shilling green, crowded, somewhat spine-tipped. 

 Flowers dioecious, the sterile in few-flowered cymes, the fertile 

 solitary. The dead stems and leaves are persistent and usually 

 become white. 



** Fruit di 



d. G. Apari'ne L. Annual, climbing by the reflexed prickles of 

 the stem and leaves. Fruit on straight pedicels, densely covered with 

 hooked prickles forming a bur. Common. 



e. G. triflo'nim Michx. Waldmeister. Stems with the odor of 

 vanilla when dry, weak, spreading on the ground. Leaves 6 in a 

 whorl, elliptical, acute at both ends, having a few short, reflexed 

 prickles on the margins and midribs. Peduncles few, 3-forked ; 

 flowers greenish white, on spreading pedicels. Fruit covered with 

 slender, hooked bristles. This grows in the woods from San Fran- 

 cisco northward. 



