SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES. 
Family—Spondylide,—Foot ending ina disc, from which proceeds a 
tendon terminating in a fleshy mass ; shell ieee 
hinge with two strong teeth - 
7 Anomiide. —Foot byssiferous, expanded at the end ; one ealwe 
of the shell deeply indented or perforated — - - - 
a Ostrevde.—Foot obsolete ; shell irregular, hinge toothless — - 
Class—Brachiopoda. 
Shell of two valves, placed dorsally and ventrally. 
Order—ArticuLata.—Valves articulating by teeth. 
Family—Terebratulide.—Shell minutely punctate - : - 
a Rhynchonellide.—Shell fibrous in structure - - - 
Class—Polyzoa. 
Animal composite ; mouth surrounded by tentacles. 
Order—PHYLACTOLZMATA.—Mouth with an epistome. 
Family— Plumatellide.—Zoarium rooted. Fresh water - - 
Order—GYMNOLZMATA.—No epistome. Marine. 
Sub-order—CHILOSTOMATA. 
(a). Cells more or less ovoid ; mouth less than the diameter of the cell, 
furnished with a moveable lip. 
1. Polyzoarium of distinct pieces connected by flexible joints. 
Family—Catenicellide, —Cells in a single series - - - - 
a Cellulartide.—Cells in a double series - - 
5 Salicornariide.—Cells disposed round an imaginary axis - 
2. Polyzoarium continuous throughout. 
* Plexible, never adnate. 
Family—Scrupariade. -—Cells in a single series - - 
és Caberide.—Branched ; cells in the same plane ; furnished with 
bristles - = A : é 
a Bicellariide.— Branched ; cells in the same sibs ; no Peraticg 
2 Flustride .—Foliaceous, entire or lobed - - - 
on Farciminariide.—Branched ; cells disposed round an imagi- 
nary axis” - - - - - - : 
3 Gemellaride.—Branched ; cells in pairs - - - 
** Rigid, adnate or erect. 
Family— Vincularide.—Erect ; cells disposed round an imaginary axis 
55 Membraniporide.—Crustaceous, spreading — - - = 
Celleporide.—Massive ; cells sub-erect and confusedly heaped 
Escharide.—Erect ; fixed ; foliaceous - 2 2 
Sub-order—CvcLosToMaTa. 
(>). Cells tubular ; mouth of the same diameter as the cell, without any 
’ moveable lip. 
Family—Crisiide.— Branched, more or less flexible - = < 
Idmoneide.—Evect, branched - - = P 5 
Tubuliporide.-—Adnate, divided into lobes — - - = 
Discoporellide.—Discoid ; sessile, or pedunculate - 
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