CELLULARIID&. 183 
from four to five spines, attached to the lip by horny joints, and one of 
them, usually the second from the outer edge, very long, curved, and 
pod-like; there is often an additional spine on the upper and inner 
margin of the cell-mouth ; operculum spine, strong and clavate, stretch- 
ing upwards and outwards from the lower and inner lip of the cell- 
aperture ; connecting horny tube between the internodes, double; 
ovicell, spherical, with a richly granular surface, imbedded among the 
cells, on the cavities of two of which it encroaches. 
New Zealand (Dr. Joliffe). Tasmania. 
Genus, SCRUPOCELLARIA—Van Beneden. 
Cells rhomboidal, with a sinus on the outer and hinder aspect ; 
each furnished with a sessile avicularium at the upper and outer angle, 
and with a vibraculum placed in the sinus on the outer and lower part 
behind ; aperture oval or sub-rotund, spinous above, with or without a 
pedunculate operculum; cells bi-serial and numerous at each internode. 
S. scruposa, Zzumneus. Cells sub-elongate, narrow ; aperture 
elliptical, with three or four spines above ; ovicell smooth. 
Lyall Bay. Europe. 
S. serupea, Zusk, Ann. Nat. Hist., 2nd Ser. Vol 7., p. 83, 
pl. 1x, f. 11-12. Cells rhomboidal, truncated above and _ below, 
sinuated behind ; aperture sub-oval, margin a little thickened, armed 
above with four or five spines; operculum peduncled, reniform ; 
ovicell, cucullate, sub-appressed, smooth. 
New Zealand. (Dr. Joliffe). Europe. 
Genus, EMMA—Gray. 
Cells in pairs or triplets; opening more or less oblique, sub- 
triangular, partially filled up by a granulated calcareous expansion ; a 
sessile avicularium generally on the outer side below the level of the 
opening. 
Found only in Australia and New Zealand. 
E. crystallina, Gray, Dieff. N.Z, ii. p. 293. Cells in pairs ; one, 
two, or three spines on the outer edge, the central usually the longest 
and strongest. ; 
Bass Straits, 45 fathoms. 
Parasitic upon Polyzoa, &c.; circinate, branched; branches irregular, 
divaricate ; the opening of the cell triangular, very obliquely placed. 
Lyall Bay. Campbell Island. 
E. tricellata, Busk, Zc, p. 28. Cells in triplets; three or four 
long spines on the upper and outer part, a small spine on the inner and 
lower part of the margin of the aperture. 
New Zealand (Hooker). Bass Straits. Campbell Island. 
Parasitic upon Catenicella, &c. Habit long, straggling. 
