ENTOMOSTRACA OF MINNESOTA. 205 
W. Schmankewitsch described as new D. degenerata and D. rudis, 
from salt or brackish waters. These he regards as degenerate forms 
produced by the inferior aeration of dense waters. The author does 
not appear to recognize the modern distinctions of genera, so that, not 
having seen the work, even the generic position cannot be definitely 
stated. His investigations seem to show that the proximity of salt 
waters influence the form of the body, or, perhaps, that there is a con- 
stant interchange between the sub-marine and fresh-water species. 
Daphnia brevicauda Chambers is an incorrectly figured and described 
Simocephalus. 
Daphnia bolivari Richard. 
Richard 788. 
‘*Caput a latera visum fere triangulare, latum, margine superiore recto; anteriore 
cum inferiore lineam usque ad apicem rostri sequaliter ac leviter arcuatam formante; 
rostro acuto brevi. Testa cetera margine dorsali subrecto inter caput et corpus leviter 
rinuato, margine ventrali aculeato parum arcuato. Spina teste longa aculeis multis 
ac validis ornata. In capite a latere viso linea circularis patet insignis distinctissime 
serie duplo aculeorum acutorum instructa, parte superiore modo levi. Ad apice 
dorsali et posteriore hugus lineze sequitur linea alia eadem structura marginem supe- 
riorem testz usque ad apicem caudalis spine. Adest preterea linea alia in medis 
utriusque lateris teste, aculeis ornata. Antennz lmi paris magne. 2di paris medi- 
ocres piliis brevibus sed distinctissimis ornate. Setz abdominales mediocres, ad 
apicem ciliis longis dense obsitz. Oculus mediocris crystallinis paucis perspicuis; 
macula ocularis rotunda, parva. Longit. fem. spina teste inclusa, 3.35 mm., spine, 
0.8 mm.’’ 
This Spanish species is not sufficiently described to be allotted to 
its place among its congeners. The armature of the abdomen is abso- 
lutely essential. 
Daphnia carinata King. 
King 752-54, 
This form, though incompletely described, will be easily recognized 
when rediscovered. It belongs to the D. scehfferi group and is said to 
resemble D. similis Claus, being one of the largest of the genus. The 
head is armed with a crest but is depressed and uniformly rounded, 
The shell is oval with a long spine from the upper angle in the young 
female. Abdominal processes thick. Post-abdomen attenuated. De- 
tails of armature not given. Ephippium with four eggs. The eye ig 
somewhat distant from the margin. 
Daphnia gravis Schoedler seems to us but an extreme variation of 
the above as it was regarded by King. 
Daphnia kingii Schoedler is a very large species with the head 
greatly helmeted. The outline is nearly circular and rises above the 
level of the back. The shell is oval with an extremely long spine 
which is directed obliquely dorsad. 
