gO CICONIIFORMES CHAP. 
the upper parts are black with fulvous undulations, and the lower 
parts correspondingly mottled. The “Tiger-Bitterns ” (Z7grisoma) 
extend from Central America to North Argentina, the four or five 
forms varying chiefly in the amount of naked skin on the throat. 
T. brasiliense is blackish with rusty vermiculations above, and 
reddish-grey below, the head being mainly chestnut, and the tips 
of the remiges and spots on the breast white.  Zgrornis leucolo- 
phus of West Africa has a narrow white crest, the neck-feathers 
hanging loosely down, as in Zigrisoma. Zonerodius heliosylus of 
New Guinea is black above with fulvous bands, and has white 
bars on the wing; the rump and fore-neck are white with dusky 
markings, the lower parts yellowish-white. The genus butorides, 
connecting the Bitterns and the Herons, exhibits somewhat 
elongated plumes on the crown, fore-neck, and scapular region. 
These small birds, variegated with glossy green, black, grey, and 
chestnut, and often streaked with white, occur chiefly in the 
Neotropical and Australian Regions, though £. virescens at least 
inhabits North America and &. atricapilla the Ethiopian countries. 
Nycticorax (Night-Heron) is an almost cosmopolitan genus, 
remarkable for the long linear blackish or white occipital feathers, 
from two to ten in number, apparently lost for a time after breed- 
ing. In our occasional visitor, WV. griseus, of the Palaearctic, 
Indian, and Ethiopian Regions, and the barely separable WV. naevius 
of America, the colour is greenish-black, with grey neck, rump, 
wings, and tail, white cheeks and lower parts. NV. leuconotus ot 
the Ethiopian Region has the neck rufous, the back white, and 
the under surface spotted with dusky; WV. (Pilerodius) pileatus of 
tropical South America is white with black crown; V. (Wyctero- 
dius) violaceus of the same districts, which extends to the 
United States, is plumbeous, with yellowish-white crown and 
black stripes above, the scapulars being somewhat decomposed ; 
NV. pauper, confined to the Galapagos, is very similar ; WV. (Syrigmc) 
sibilatriz of South Brazil, Chil, and Argentina, is grey, with 
blackish head and remiges, rufous markings on the face and wing- 
coverts, and yellowish-white breast; V. (Gorsachius) goisagt, 
ranging from India and the Malay countries to Japan, is red-brown, 
with buff and white lower parts, the whole plumage being marked 
with dusky ; while \. caledonicus of the Australian Region has the 
upper parts rich buff, the lower parts white, and only the head 
black. Caneroma cochlearia,the Boat-billed Night-Heron of South 
