IV ANATIDAE Ec@ 
being black except for the buff breast, white neck, upper back, 
lesser wing-coverts, and a patch on each side of the rump. The 
feet and the bill, with its vertical black-edged dise at the base, are 
orange. The female is redder than in the Eider, with a more 
feathered culmen. These species are essentially maritime, only 
coming to shore to breed; they are semi-gregarious, and form a 
nest of grass and rubbish, a quantity of down underlying the five 
to eight oily-green eggs. Eider-down is chiefly procured from 
Iceland, Greenland, and protected islands in Norway. The flight 
is low and heavy, the food consists of mussels, starfish, and other 
sea creatures.  Arctonetta fischeri, the Spectacled Eider of Alaska, 
is chiefly white, with dark grey rump and under parts; the head 
being varied with green and decorated with pendent bristly plumes 
on the occiput, stiff frontal and loral feathers, and a satin-lke 
quadrangular patch outlined with black on each side. The tail- 
and wing-quills are brown, except the faleate inner secondaries ; 
the feet are brownish, the bill is orange in the male. The female 
is fulvous and black with bluish beak.  Heniconetta stelleri breeds 
on the Arctic shores mainly between the Taimyr Peninsula and 
Alaska, and has strayed to Britain and even France. The head, 
faleate scapulars, and inner secondaries are white with blue-black 
outer webs to the two latter, the rest of the wing-quills and tail 
brown ; the back, throat, neck, and a spot on each side of the breast 
purplish-black ; the lores and short occipital tuft green, the lower 
parts mostly tawny. The female is brown with darker markings, 
and duller wing-bar. Camptolaemus labradorius, the extinct “ Pied 
Duck” of the North Atlantic coast of America, was black, with 
white head, neck, chest, scapulars, and most of the wings except 
the primaries; it had a black stripe down the crown and stiff 
cheek-feathers. The brownish female shewed a white speculum. 
Oedemia nigra, the Scoter or Black Duck, which nests in North 
Scotland, ranges over Northern Europe and Asia to the Taimyr 
Peninsula, sometimes reaching the Azores and the Mediterranean 
in winter. It is black, with a yellow nasal patch and a swollen 
base to the culmen, the female being dark brown with greyish 
face and throat, and no protuberance or yellow mark. Ce. 
americana of North-East Asia and North America, migrating to 
Japan, California, and New Jersey, has the knob yellow with 
red sides, while the female is grey-brown. Oe. fusca, the Velvet 
Scoter, extends from Scandinavia to West Siberia, and occurs 
