IV ANATIDAE 127 
America generally, has a whitish head with black spots, which 
cover the crown in the female only. JZ sibilatrix, reaching from 
Chili and Paraguay to Patagonia and the Falklands, is chiefly 
black and white with blue-green nape and -black speculum. 
Chaulelasmus streperus, the Gadwall, which breeds in East 
Anglia and South Spain, and is apparently spreading thence, occurs 
in the subarctic regions of both Worlds, and migrates to Shoa, 
India, China, Mexico, and Jamaica. C. cowesi of the Fanning 
group may be distinct. The head and upper neck are hght brown 
with dusky spots; the back is blackish with grey markings, 
the rump black; the lower parts are white with black crescents 
on the breast; the wing-coverts grey, chestnut, and black. The 
female is dark brown varied with rufous. The speculum is white. 
The habits are as in most fresh-water Ducks, the eggs being buff. 
EHunetta falcata ot East Asia and Japan is a fine bird with 
chestnut crown, bronzy-purple cheeks, green occipital crest, white 
neck ringed with green, grey and black upper parts, and lower 
surface waved with black and white. The white-margined speculum 
is green, the long thin sickle-shaped inner secondaries are black 
and white, and a patch on each side of the tail is buff Both 
upper and under tail-coverts exceed the rectrices. The female 
resembles that of the Gadwall, but has a black speculum. 
Anas boscas, the Mallard or Wild Duck, ranges from about the 
Arctie Circle to the Azores, North Africa,Cashmere, and the United 
States, being found southward in winter to India and Panama. 
The head is green with a white collar, the upper parts are grey and 
brown, the rump is black, the speculum purple with margins of 
black and white, the breast chestnut, the four curly central rectrices 
being black. The female is brown and buff with a green speculum. 
In the habits there is lhttle that is peculiar, but the eggs are 
greenish. The coloration in the remaining species is usually dusky, 
nor do the sexes differ greatly. 4A. wyvilliana inhabits the 
Hawaiian, and A. laysanensis the Laysan Islands; A. melleri 
Madagascar ; A. obscura, with its two local forms A. fulvigula and 
A. maculosa, Eastern North America; A. diazi and A. aberti Mexico; 
A. luzonica the Philippines; A. superciliosa the Malay Archi- 
pelago and Australian Region ; A. poecilorhyncha, with red, yellow, 
and black bill, India, Ceylon, and Burma ; 4. zonorhyncha, where 
the bill is yellow and black and the feet reddish, Eastern Asia ; 
A, undulata and A. sparsa, also with yellow and black bill, but 
