160 * FALCONIFORMES CHAP. 
Pithecophaga jeferyi, a fine forest Eagle from the Philippines, 
with extremely deep and compressed bill, seems to belong here.* 
The true Eagles—fierce but seldom courageous—inhabit wild 
mountains, plains, or forests; resembling Buzzards in their slow 
heavy flight, and rarely uttering their shrill cry or yelp. The prey 
is generally secured by a pounce; and carrion, if fairly fresh, is 
eaten. The nest of sticks or twigs, lined with grass, green foliage, 
fur or wool, especially the two first, contains from one to three 
large white eggs, with or without red or brownish markings. 
The various species of Spizaétus, Limnaétus, Lophotriorchis, 
Lophoaetus, Neopus, and Nisaétus, with comparatively short 
wings, long tails, and large claws, are sometimes denominated 
Hawk-Eagles. Not usually shy, they are essentially denizens 
of wooded country, where some prefer the hilly districts, others 
the neighbourhood of streams; the food is extremely varied, 
including in different cases, monkeys, bucks, lambs, goats, hares, 
rabbits, birds as large as bustards and geese, lizards, frogs, or 
even fish; while the flight is more graceful and Falcon-hke 
than in the genus Aguila, the note clearer and sharper. The 
moderately large nest is composed of sticks, and usually lined 
with green leaves or branchlets; the one or two eggs are white, 
ordinarily with light reddish-brown markings. Spizaétus coronatus 
of South and West Africa is blackish above, with a little white 
on the tail-coverts and remiges, and brownish tips to the triply- 
barred rectrices, the buff lower parts being broadly banded with 
black. S. tyrannus, extending from Guatemala to Brazil, is black 
beneath ; S. ornatus, of Central and South America as far as Para- 
cuay, has the nape and sides of the neck and chest tawny. These 
birds have an occipital crest, as have some members of the hardly 
separable Limnavtus, of which L. caligatus, of India and the Malay 
countries, deep brown in colour, with ashy inner webs to the remiges, 
will serve as an example. JL. nipalensis and L. cirrhatus inhabit 
India with Ceylon, and the former Formosa and Japan; L. philip- 
pensis the Philippines; LZ. alboniger Malacca and Borneo ; L. /anceo- 
latus Celebes and the Sula Islands; Z. gurneyi New Guinea and 
the Moluccas; ZL. (Lophotriorchis) kienert India, Malacca, Borneo, 
and Batchian; Z. isidorvt north-western South America. Lopho- 
attus occipitalis, of Africa south of the Sahara, is brown, except for 
a few white marks above, and has shortly-feathered white metatarsi. 
' Ogilvie Grant, Jbis, 1897, pp. 214-220. 
