166 FALCONIFORMES CHAP. 
recorded three times in England, is smaller and more decidedly 
rufous than 2B vulgaris, though hardly distinguishable when 
immature; while the bigger B. ferox of similar range, though 
apparently limited in Africa to the North, is closely allied; as are 
B. plumipes, extending from India to Japan (of which B. leuco- 
cephalus is a large and probably distinct form) and B. swainsoni of 
North America, which migrates as far south as Patagonia, and has 
almost uniform upper parts and chest. £. borealis, the “ Red- 
tailed Hawk,’ occupying with its various races the whole of 
North America, has a rufous tail with lighter tip and usually a 
single blackish band, the breast being sooty-black or white, with 
or without a reddish tinge; B. albicaudatus, reaching from Texas 
to Brazil, is slaty-grey, with rusty markings on the mantle, white 
under parts and tail, the latter showing grey bars and a wide 
subterminal black cross-belt ; while B. abbreviatus, found from the 
southern United States to northern South America, is almost 
black, with three broad grey and white zones across the rectrices. 
BL. augur and B. auguralis, both from North-East and West 
Africa, with B. jakal of South Africa, have the upper parts black, 
some grey on the wings, and the tail chestnut except near the end. 
The first has a black throat with white streaks and white lower 
surface, the second a red-brown chest and black spots on the 
belly, the third is black below with a whitish pectoral patch. 
Finally, omitting several American species from want of space, 
B. brachypterus—a miniature Common Buzzard—is peculiar to 
Madagascar, B. galapagensis to the Galapagos, B. exsul to Masa- 
fuera, 5. poliosomus to Chili, Patagonia, and the Falklands. 
Parabuteo wnicinctus, ranging from the southern United States 
to Chil and Argentina, a sluggish carrion eater, is sooty-brown 
with rufous on the wing-coverts and thighs, and a white base and 
tip to the tail. Buteola brachyura and B. leucorrhoa of tropical 
America, separated from Buteo by a central tubercle in the nostril, 
are black above; the former being white below and having four 
dark bars on the ashy tail, the latter only shewing white at 
the base of the black rectrices, which are crossed by one grey bar. 
Asturina, placed near Astur by some authors, includes two 
species with Buzzard-like habits, that build slight nests and lay 
greenish-white eggs. A. plagiata, found from the South-West 
United States to Panama, is grey, barred with black on the 
primaries and with white below, while a white median band 
