IV FALCONIDAE 167 
crosses the reetrices, of which the coverts are black and white. 
A, nitida, reaching from Panama to south-east Brazil, differs in 
having white bars above. Rupornis magnirostris of Colombia, 
Guiana, and Amazonia—hardly separable from Asturina—has 
three black belts on the tail and is rufous instead of grey beneath : 
fh. ruficauda of Central America, R#. pucherant of Brazil, 
Paraguay, and Argentina, and its Bolivian race &. saturata, 
have the chestnut remiges and rufous rectrices crossed with 
blackish, and the under surface as im the first-named, but the 
second is browner and shows a creamy patch on the prim- 
aries; A. nattereri, of Peru and Brazil, combines the chestnut 
primaries with an ashy and black tail; R. ridqgwayi, of Haiti, 
is chiefly rufous and brown above, and slate-coloured with white 
bands below. &. pucherani is very noisy and eats fish. 
Butastur teesa (with its sub-species indicus) ranges from 
Japan and China to New Guinea and India; it is reddish- 
brown, varied with white on the nape and rump, the tail and 
lower parts being rufous, with black and white bars respectively. 
Bb. liventer, found from Burma to Celebes, is ashy below; &. 
rufipennis of North-East Africa, has streaks in place of bars. 
The pugnacious Indian form has a mewing cry, feeds upon small 
mammals, lizards, frogs, and crabs, and builds its nest almost 
entirely of twigs, laying some three bluish-white eggs.  Grera- 
noactus melanoleucus of western and southern South America, 
the so-called Chilian “Sea-Eagle,” is black with grey wings and 
white belly, both barred with dusky; the flight is vulturine with 
spiral gyrations, the note is piercing; the food consists of carrion 
from the beach, small mammals, birds, and grasshoppers. The 
nest, placed in a tree or crag, is composed of sticks and grass, the 
two white eggs being blotched with pale red. It is often seen 
inland. 
Leucopternis is a genus of eleven members, of which J. 
ghiesbreghti, of Central America, 1s snowy-white, with most of 
the wings and a zone on the tail black. The other forms, whereof 
three inhabit Brazil, are black or slate-coloured above with 
white markings, the lower surface being grey in L. plumbea of 
Ecuador and Panama and JZ. schistacea of Colombia and 
Amazonia, but barred with black and white in LZ. princeps, of 
Costa Rica. Uvrubitinga zonura, a black bird with white tip 
and base to the tail, ranges from Mexico to Chili and Argentina ; 
