200 GALLIFORMES CHAP. 
and Crossoptilon. Eacalphatoria is remarkable for possessing only 
eight rectrices; ten are found in Mieroperdiz, and occasionally in 
Synoecus and Coturniz ; but the usual number is from twelve to 
twenty-four, while Lobiophasis has thirty-two in the male and 
twenty-eight in the female. The nostrils are concealed by the 
feathering in the Tetraoninae alone, the aftershaft is large 
except in Pavo, the furcula is Y-shaped, the tongue sagittate, the 
syrinx tracheo-bronchial. The globular crop and muscular gizzard 
are decidedly characteristic, yet Argusianus has been said to lack 
the former, and Centrocercus the latter. In the male of Zetrao uro- 
gallus and both sexes of Guttera the trachea has a loop, which in 
the latter case passes through a cavity in the head of the furcula. 
The plumage is of the most varied description, the winter coat 
of Lagopus being commonly white, the males of Lyrurus, Tetrao, 
and Melanoperdiz nearly black, while the prevailing colours in 
Chrysolophus pictus are orange and red, in Gennaeus nycthemerus 
black and white, in Follulus dull green and maroon, in Gallus 
orange, red, purple, green, black, and white, in Phasianus metallic 
green, orange, and brown. In the Numidinae white or bluish 
spots mark the blackish ground-colour ; in the American Grouse 
black, brown, yellowish-buff and white occur in varying propor- 
tions ; while the Partridges and Quails exhibit, as a rule, still more 
sober tints of brown, relieved by dull red or buff. Peacocks, 
again, show a combination of beautiful metallic blues and greens 
with copper and buff, rarely found elsewhere in the Family; nor 
must Lophophorus, Lophura, Lobiophasis, and Ceriornis be left 
out of consideration. The ocelli or “eyes” on the Peacock’s train 
hardly require mention ; Polyplectron has similar adornments on 
both the tail and the upper parts in the male, on the tail alone in 
the female; Argusianus on the secondaries and rectrices in the 
male, Meleagris ocellata on the latter in both sexes. The feathers 
of the crown are curled in Crossoptilon, Pavo, and Lophophorus 
sclateri, and fine crests are by no means uncommon; the component 
plumes being more or less racquet-shaped in Lophura and 
Lophortyx, and in Pavo eristatus consisting of webs at the end 
of bare shafts. The crests of Chrysolophus and Gennaeus are 
recumbent, those of Rollulus and Fheinardtius upright; while, 
among others, the full head-tufts of Jthagenes and most species of 
Lophophorus, with the comparatively short ornaments of Haema- 
tortyx, Ceriornis, and Callipepla are worth notice. Crossoptilon, 
