V PHASIANIDAE ZOW 
Pucrasia, and Phasianus have elongated ear-coverts or feathers 
behind the ear, the white plumes of the first-named being 
especially remarkable and common to both sexes; an erectile 
cape surmounts the nape in Chrysolophus; Meleagris has a peculiar 
patch of long bristles on the breast, Bonasa a ruff on the sides 
of the neck; Gallus and Acryllium have hackles or lanceolate 
feathers in various parts, moulted—in the former at least— 
during the summer. All these decorations are absent or less 
pronounced in the females, which are, as a rule, dull in colour. 
The head is entirely naked in Meleagris, and is covered with 
caruncles, an erectile process hanging from the forehead; a pair 
of long fleshy horns above the eyes distinguish Ceriornis, which 
has in addition a large wattle on the throat; a comb of similar 
substance is accompanied by a single median or two pairs of 
lateral wattles in Gallus ; while the sides of the face, the orbits, or 
the fore-neck, are bare in many genera. The male of Lobiophasis 
has the head nearly naked, with no less than three pairs of wattles ; 
though the female has but one rudimentary pair of the latter, and 
only the cheeks unfeathered. In all these cases the skin and 
outgrowths are red or blue. The head and neck are bare in the 
Numidinae, except for a crest in Guttera, a crescentic nuchal band 
of feathers in Acryllium, and a line of plumage down the crown 
in Phasidus ; wattles occur at the angles of the gape in Guttera 
and Numida, both these and the naked skin being blue and red 
throughout the Sub-family, save in Phasidus, where the latter is 
yellow, and in Agelastes, where it is red and white. The bony casque 
of Numida is red or horn-coloured. The Tetraoninae have merely 
a little red or yellow skin over the eye. In females all the fleshy 
outgrowths are much smaller or absent, throughout the Family. 
Air-saes of orange skin lie below the side - feathers of the 
neck in the males of Centrocercus, Dendragapus, and Tympanuchus, 
and become visible when inflated; they are supposed to produce 
the booming ventriloquistic sound, uttered in the breeding season. 
Bonasa has a naked space in a similar position, but its drumming 
is stated to be caused by the wings. Pedioecetes can hardly be 
said to have air-sacs, yet it also drums, while the exact nature of 
the corresponding sounds made by Yetrao urogallus and Lyrurus 
tetrix is uncertain. The “gobble” of the domestic Turkey is a 
parallel instance, in so far as it 1s uttered during excitement. 
The members of this Family, which range in size from the 
