204 GALLIFORMES CHAP. 
ninae generally, besides such points as the loss of the Peacock’s 
train in summer, and the innumerable phases of plumage of 
the Red Grouse, Ptarmigan, and “ Bob-white” (Ortyx), none of 
which can be usefully discussed in a hmited space. 
The range of the Family is nearly cosmopolitan; but the 
Meleagrinae only occur in the United States and Central America ; 
the Numidinae in Africa, with Madagascar and the neighbouring 
islands; and the Phasianinae in the Palaearctic and Indian 
Regions as far eastward as the Philippines, China and Japan, 
and—in the case of Gallus—Celebes. The Perdicinae are 
found in the Palaearctic, Indian and Austrahan Regions, though 
becoming decidedly scarce in Oceania ; the Odontophorinae occupy 
temperate and tropical America to Bolivia and Brazil south- 
wards; while the Tetraoninae are holarctic, the New World 
genera being more numerous than those of the Old World, and 
Lagopus alone being common to both hemispheres. 
Sub-fam. 1. Vuwmidinae.—Of the curious-looking Guinea-fowls, 
or Pintados, Aerylliwm vulturinum of East Africa has a long, wedge- 
shaped tail, and elongated hackles on the mantle, chest, and lower 
neck ; the upper neck and head being naked and blue, with a cres- 
centic nuchal band of short chestnut feathers, and each metatarsus 
possessing four or five knobs in the male. The hackles are black 
and white, mostly fringed with blue; the remaining upper parts 
and the flanks are black spotted with white, having a purple wash 
on the latter; the breast and belly are cobalt, marked with black 
centrally. Guttera contains four black species with light blue 
spots, Which show much white on the secondaries. A full and 
usually curly black crest adorns the crown; the bare head and 
neck, with its posterior flap of skin, is blue or purplish, and the 
throat is red, except in G. pucherani of East Equatorial Africa, 
where the hind-neck only is blue, and G. eduardi (verreauaxr) of 
South Africa, with no bright colours on the head, neck, or throat. 
The latter, and G. cristata of northern West Africa, have rudimentary 
blue wattles at the gape, coupled with a black collar, which in 
G. eduardi extends to the breast and assumes a chestnut shade. 
G. plumifera, ranging from Cape Lopez to Loango, has larger 
wattles and a thin erect crest; G. pucherani has the outgrowths 
red. This genus and the next have nospurs. Nwmida, remark- 
able for the bony casque surmounting the naked head and 
neck, possesses seven or more members of clumsy build, with 
