216 GALLIFORMES CHAP. 
lands. The flight is rapid and powerful, while the male is said 
to soar without perceptible movement of the pinions; the usual 
ery is a loud melancholy whistle. The long stout beak serves 
to dig up roots for food; but grain, fruit, grass, and insect-larvae 
are also eaten. The nest, or sheltered unlined excavation in the 
soil, contains from four to six oval cream-coloured eggs, closely 
spotted or blotched with reddish-brown. The cocks are reported 
to be non-pugnacious, and the hens semi-gregarious while breed- 
ing. L. impeyanus of South Kashmir, the true Impeyan Pheasant, 
differs in its golden-green lower back and under parts; LZ. ’huysi 
of Sze-chuen and Koko-Nor has an ordinary crest, and white 
spots on the blue, green, and black tail; ZL. sclateri of North- 
East Assam has a curly crown with no crest, and white-tipped 
rectrices ; the two latter forms being black beneath and white on 
the lower back. The slightly-crested females are black, buff, and 
white; the lower back is black and buff in Z. refulgens, whitish 
mottled with brown in Z. sclateri, and white in LZ. huysi. 
Of Tragopan (Ceriornis) there are five species, remarkable for 
the fleshy blue horn above each eye and the large gular 
wattle in the male, who erects the former and inflates the 
latter when courting. The fore-part of the head and throat are 
naked or merely hairy, while the crested cock-bird possesses a 
pair of short spurs, rarely present in his mate. C. satyrus, the 
“ Horned Pheasant” of the Central and Eastern Himalayas, has 
the crown and throat black, the occiput, neck, and lower parts 
orange-red with stiff chest-plumes, the back brown, the remiges 
and rectrices black and buff. Most of the body-feathers exhibit 
black-margined white spots, and the outer wing-coverts additional 
red marks; while the wattle is orange barred with blue. C. 
melanocephalus of the Western Himalayas has a longer crest 
tipped with red, none of that colour on the occiput, the breast 
black and red, and a purple wattle with flesh-coloured sides, blue 
margin and spots. C. temmineki of Central and South-West 
China has the crest and under parts red, the wattle blue barred 
marginally with red, and the characteristic spots grey without 
black rings. C. blythi of North-East Assam and Manipur has 
the wattle yellow tinged with blue, and a plain grey breast ; 
whereas C. caboti of South-East China has the latter region buff. 
The hens are black and buff with whitish spots. These shy 
solitary birds oceupy the higher hill-forests, being apparently 
