GALLIFORMES CHAP. 
bo 
bo 
Nd 
ortyx sanguiniceps, of the mountain-forests of Northern Borneo, 
is brownish-black; the slightly-crested head, the throat, upper 
breast and under tail-coverts being crimson with black tips to 
the last-named, and the metatarsi possessing three pairs of spurs. 
The rump-feathers have partly expanded shafts. The female 
has the throat rufous, the upper breast deep chestnut, and no 
spurs. <Arboricola contains nearly twenty species with almost 
naked throats, ranging from Northern India to the Indo-Chinese 
countries, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Formosa. The following 
may be taken as examples of this genus, the sexes being usually 
alike. A. torqueola of the Himalayas has a chestnut crown, red, 
black, and white nape, olive and black upper parts, varied with 
chestnut and buff on the wings, black cheeks, throat, fore-neck, 
and superciliary stripe, a white line down the sides of the 
throat, a white band surmounting the grey breast, and grey 
flanks with chestnut and white markings. In the female the 
crown is brown and black, the throat, cheeks, and so forth, rufous 
with black spots, the chest-band rusty-red. A. ardens of Hainan, 
of which the male only is known, is easily recognised by the 
peculiar shining orange-scarlet patch of stiff hair-like feathers 
on the fore-neck. A. javanica of Java has the head rufous with 
brownish crown, a black band surrounding the eyes and crossing the 
occiput, another encircling the base of the neck, joined to the former 
by a black line down the rust-coloured nape, and a third running 
from the throat to the sides of the neck. The upper parts are dark. 
ervey barred with black, the wings exhibiting chestnut and olive 
tints; the chest is grey; the remaining lower parts are chestnut. 
A. chloropus of Lower Burma and Cochin China has the crown and 
nape brown, the superciliary stripe, throat, and lores black and 
white, the fore-neck buff with black spots and margin, the upper 
parts and chest brown and black with rufous on the wings and 
rump-region, the breast red, the abdomen, sides, and black-barred 
flanks buff. In this genus the orbital and even the gular skin is 
crimson or purplish, the feet are commonly red, the bill rarely so. 
The various species form coveys, which frequent grassy hill-jungles 
and wooded ravines up to more than ten thousand feet ; they are 
usually unsuspicious, and run before an intruder, but occasionally 
perch in trees, and fly rapidly when forced to rise; the single 
whistling note is loud but mellow; the food consists of leaves, 
roots, berries, seeds, grubs, and molluscs; the four white eggs, some- 
