v PHASIANIDAE 231 
and lower surface, with chestnut throat and abdomen, of which the 
former is laterally margined with white; a white band from the 
chin to the lores ; and chestnut flanks, barred with black and white. 
Lophortyx californicus, of the same countries, has the head and 
erest of two club-shaped feathers black, a yellow forehead, olive- 
erey upper parts, a black throat outlined with white, buff mid- 
breast, and chestnut belly, each feather of the last two being 
edged with black. A white band connects the eyes and con- 
tinues behind them, while white streaks grace the sides and 
flanks. The female lacks the black and white pattern on the 
head, and has whitish lower parts with yellow-brown throat. 
Two other species extend the range to Mexico. Philortyxz 
fasciatus of South Mexico has an olive-brown upper surface, 
washed with rufous on the crown and the greyer neck and 
mantle, and barred or blotched with black and buff on the lower 
back, wings, and tail; the blackish crest is tipped with red; the 
throat and lower parts are white, with a few median spots and 
pronounced black bars on the chest, sides, and flanks, where the 
feathers have rusty margins. Hupsychortyx cristatus of Curacao 
and Aruba has half a dozen congeners, ranging through Central and 
northern South America. It has a buff crest, crown, and throat ; 
black and white nape and cheeks; reddish-grey upper parts 
mottled and blotched with black and buff; and rufous lower sur- 
face, barred with black, and spotted on the chest, sides, and flanks 
with white. In the female the black on the head is replaced 
by buff. Ortyx virginianus of the Eastern United States is 
rufous and grey above with black blotches, the crown is blackish, 
the sides of the head are transversely striped with black and 
white, the white throat is margined with black, the lower parts 
are reddish-white with black chevrons. The hen-bird has a 
buff throat, and shews little black on the cheeks. This genus 
contains eight members, often called Colins, which range as far 
south as Mexico and Cuba. The three species of Cyrtonyx extend 
from the Southern United States to Guatemala ; they all have full 
crests, highly-developed wing-coverts, and very short, soft tails. 
The sides of the head and neck exhibit a peculiar black and white 
pattern, while those of the body are grey, ocellated with white or 
varied with chestnut. The females lack the pattern on the head. 
As an example, C. montezumae is rufous above, barred with black, 
and streaked with buff and white; the breast being chiefly 
