v CHARADRIIDAE 275 
cephalus of North-East Africa, Z. superciliosus, extending from West 
Africa to Lake Tanganyika, and the crested ZL. (Sarciophorus) 
tectus, found from Senegal to East Equatorial Africa and Arabia, 
have small loral wattles; LZ. (Lobipluvia) malabaricus of India, 
Ceylon, and Burma, Z. miles, reaching from Timor Laut to New 
Guinea and Australia, Z. eucullatus of Sumatra, Java, and Timor, 
L. lobatus of Australia, accidental in New Zealand, L. lateralis 
of the southern, and Z. senegalensis of the northern Ethiopian 
Region, with L. albiceps of West Africa and the Upper Congo, 
have large wattles, and, except the first, a wing-spur. JL. lobatus 
is olive-brown above, with black crown, nape, and wings; the cheeks, 
tail-coverts, and lower parts are white; the tail is white with black 
tip; the bill, wattles, and spurs are yellow, the feet purplish-red. 
Vanellus comprises the true Lapwings; it is a closely allied genus 
to the last, and varies as to the possession of a hind-toe. V. cristatus, 
the English Peewit or Green Plover, has the upper parts and motile 
crest bottle-green, with a purple and copper gloss; the throat and 
upper breast black; the cheeks, sides of the neck, base of tail, and 
under surface white; the upper and lower tail-coverts bay. The 
slow flapping flight and shrill cry are as familiar to us as are the 
cock’s aerial evolutions, and the habit of tumbling on the ground 
with an apparently broken wing to decoy intruders from the brood. 
This species frequents alike cultivated ground, marshes, and wastes, 
depositing its four olive eggs with black markings in a scraping in 
the soil lined with a little dry herbage; towards autumn it feeds 
im large flocks upon the shore, being semi-crepuscular, as might 
be expected from the large eyes. Breeding in most of Europe, 
Northern Asia, and even North Africa, it strays to Greenland and 
Jan Mayen, occurs plentifully in Japan, and at times in Alaska, 
and migrates as far south as Barbados, North India, and China. 
The somewhat similar Téru-téru (V. cayennensis),' with long crest 
and large blunt yellow spur, occupies the east, and the larger V. 
chilensis the west and south of South America; V. resplendens 
inhabits the Andes of North Chili, Peru, and Eeuador ; V. coronatus 
South and East Africa; V. melanopterus, the latter and Arabia ; 
V. inornatus West and South-East Africa. The long legged Chet- 
tusia gregaria, Which, like the next genus, possesses a hallux, has 
occurred in Britain and South-West Europe, but breeds from 
South-East Europe to Lake Saisan, and migrates to North-East 
1 For this bird’s ‘‘ dances,” see Hudson, Argentine Ornithology, ii. p. 167. 
