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CHARADRITFORMES CHAP. 
The East Siberian 7. crassirostris, with no chestnut beneath, 
migrates to Japan, the Indian Region, and Australia. 
Ereunetes pusillus, called the Semipalmated Sandpiper from 
its partly webbed toes, resembles the western form of the Little 
Stint in coloration ; it breeds in the extreme north of America, 
and has reached Patagonia in winter. HLurynorhynchus pygmaeus, 
the Spoon-billed Sandpiper, on the other hand, is coloured lke the 
eastern red-throated Little Stint, but is especially remarkable for 
its large, broad, shovel-shaped bill. The breeding grounds are not 
known, but 1t has been obtained on both sides of the North Pacific, 
and on migration in Japan, China, India, and Burma. Calidris 
arenaria, the Sanderling, easily recognisable by the want of a hind- 
toe, is rufous and black above, and white below, having a chest- 
nut throat spotted with black. It reaches us in August, while 
some individuals remain throughout the winter, being at that season 
uniform grey with white under surface. The eggs, which have a 
pecuhar greenish tint, and are like those of the Curlew in minia- 
ture, have been taken in Greenland and Arctic America, but, 
except perhaps in Iceland, never yet in Northern Europe or Asia. 
Sanderlings are almost as cosmopolitan as Turnstones, and on 
migration are commonly observed running at the edge of the 
surf, uttering a weak, shrill ery. Limicola platyrhyncha, the 
Broad-billed Sandpiper, has a wide flat beak with the pointed tip 
slightly decurved ; the upper plumage is mottled with dark brown, 
rufous, and white; the breast is reddish-white, spotted with brown ; 
the abdomen white. It occasionally visits Britain, and breeds on 
the fells of Norway, the fens of Lapland, and thence eastwards to 
Russia, but is rarely met with in Asia until the Sea of Okhotsk is 
reached: in winter, when it becomes grey above and white below, 
it resorts to North Africa, Madagascar, Ceylon, the Philippines, the 
Moluccas, and China. It soars like a Snipe, utters a rapid, double 
note, and is somewhat skulking. The parent sits very closely on 
the eggs, in which the greenish or buff ground-colour is commonly 
nearly hidden by chocolate or rufous markings. 7ryngites rufescens, 
the Buft-breasted Sandpiper, which has wandered to Britain and 
Heligoland, breeds in the extreme north of America, and just reaches 
East Siberia; in winter it ranges to Peruand Argentina. Light 
brownand black above,and reddish-buff witha few black spots below, 
the distinctive black marblings beneath the quills are well seen as 
the bird, according to its habit, rans along with one wing raised. 
