v ALCIDAE 319 
spotted with buff above; B. hypoleucus and Bb. eraveri of Lower 
California are plain slate-coloured with white lower surface, the 
former having white and the latter grey wing-lning. The first 
two species have a white nuchal collar and irregular white 
markings above in winter, with nearly white lower parts. 
Cepphus grylle, the Black Guillemot of the Atlantic north- 
wards from Britain and Maine, and of the Arctic coasts of 
Europe, is black with a white wing-patch, the feathers of which 
are black at the base; in winter the plumage is white, relieved above 
and sometimes below by black, and the red feet become pinkish. 
The compressed pointed bill is always black. C. mandti, occupy- 
ing, as it seems, the North Polar seas generally, and breeding as 
far south as Labrador, has a more slender bill, and no black wing- 
patch. C. columba, ranging from Bering Strait and Japan to 
California, has a large wedge-shaped black mark on the white 
wing-patch ; C. carbo, of North-East Asia, Japan, the Kuril and 
Bering Islands, shews no white except round the eye. All these 
forms wander southwards in winter. The Black Guillemot or 
Tystie still breeds in the Isle of Man, and sparsely on the East of 
Scotland and Ireland, in the north and west of which countries 
it is not uncommon. It is remarkably tame when it breeds 
in the wilder districts, uttering a plaintive cry, and making its 
way to land in the face of an intruder. The two whitish or 
greenish eggs, beautifully spotted with black, brown, and grey, 
are deposited among large boulders, or in holes at the bases of 
cliffs, without any nest. 
Of the last group of Auks, with feathered nostrils, Uria troi/e, 
the well-known Common Guillemot, Willock, or Murre, breeds 
numerously in Britain, where the cliffs are suitable; it extends 
from Bear Island near Spitsbergen to the Magdalen Islands in 
America and the Tagus in Europe, occurring on migration south- 
wards to the New England States and the Canaries. The plumage 
is dusky above and white below, with a brownish head and white 
alar bar. The throat, cheeks, and a few feathers on the head 
are white in winter; the long pointed bill and feet are blackish. 
The Ringed Guillemot is a mere variety with a white ring 
round the eye and a streak behind it; but UW. californica, with 
stouter bill, from the Pacific coast of North America, may be 
considered a sub-species. U. briinnichi, distinguishable by its 
blacker crown, and deeper beak with a white edge to the maxilla, 
