340 CHARADRIIFORMES CHAP. 
chestnut breast, occurs from South Mexico to Peru. They frequent 
wooded and hilly districts, forming small flocks and uttering a cry 
resembling “huup-huup.” Oxypelia cyanopis, of the interior of 
Brazil, and Uropelia campestris, of that country and Bolivia, link 
the above genus to Columbigallina, which contains six species. 
C. passerina extends from the southern United States and the 
West Indies to Peru and Paraguay; C. minuta occupies a similar 
range, except for the United States; and C. cruziana reaches from 
Ecuador to North Chii—all with naked feet ; C. buckleyz inhabits 
Eeuador and Peru; (@. talpacoti, most of South America north of 
Paraguay ; C. rufipennis ranges from Mexico to the north of South 
America, these three having the metatarsi feathered laterally. 
passerina is olive-grey, with violet spots on the wing and purplish 
coverts ; the feathers of the forehead and under parts being vinous, 
with dull brown centres to the latter, and those of the hinder 
portion of the head bluish, with dusky margins, which cause a 
scaly appearance. The female lacks the purple and red tints. @. 
minuta, the most diminutive Pigeon known,—though Oena would 
be smaller but for its tail—is uniform below. The other species 
differ but httle, though only C. rufipennis has, like the above, the 
under surface of the wing cinnamon. Flocks of the Ground-Dove 
or Tortolita, as C. passerina is called, are found amongst open woods 
and pastures, running about with elevated tails, and feeding chiefly 
upon the ground on seeds, berries, peas, and grain; if disturbed, 
they betake themselves with low and noisy flight to a tree; but 
they are usually very tame, and may often be heard uttering their 
mournful notes on the roofs of outbuildings. The nest, placed in low 
bushes or on the ground, is carefully constructed and lined with 
grass, two or three broods being reared in the season. The hen 
is said to feign disablement at its nest like a Plover, while the 
birds apparently dust themselves in gallinaceous fashion. Colwm- 
bula picui, distinguished by a blue band on the wing-coverts, 
occurs in South America from Bolivia and Chili eastward. 
Group (e).—The fifth section of the Peristerinae exhibit no 
metallic spots or lustre, while the wings are rounded and the tail is 
rather long. Gymnopelia erythrothorax, of the mountains of Peru, 
Bolivia, and North Chili, is brown, with vinaceous head and 
breast, and remarkably large naked orbits of orange margined with 
black. Scardafella has crescentic black edges to the feathers, the 
upper parts being brown and the lower pinky white, while the 
