v COLUMBIDAE 341 
primaries have cinnamon inner webs. S. sqguwamosa, of Brazil, 
Venezuela, and Colombia, has a white wing-patch, absent in 
S. inca, extending from Texas to Nicaragua. These “Scaly 
Doves,” as they are called, seem to be essentially terrestrial. 
Geopelia humeralis, of Australia and Southern New Guinea, is 
brown above, with black scale-like markings, a rufous nape, a 
bluish forehead and chest, a pinkish breast, and a white mid-belly. 
The remiges are rufous on the inner web. G. cuneata, of 
Australia only, has small white wing-spots,and no black marginal 
markings on the feathers. G. tranquilla, of the same country, G. 
striata, ranging from South Tenasserim to the Philippines and the 
Moluccas—introduced into Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, 
and St. Helena—and G. mauger, found from the Timor group to 
the Ké Islands, are distinctly banded with black and white, the 
first round the neck only, the other two on the breast also. These 
long-tailed species, resembling miniature Turtle-Doves, frequent 
grassy plains, thickets, or swampy river-sides in small flocks, and 
flit tamely from tree to tree, alighting with upturned tail; the 
“coo” is rarely loud; the food consists of seeds and_ berries, 
usually obtained upon the ground; the nest, placed rather low, 
is of twigs or grass. 
Group (f).—Turtur contains twenty-eight Old World forms, 
reaching eastward to Japan, the Ladrones, and the Moluccas. 
In habits resembling the members of the genus Colwmba, they are 
browner in coloration, and about three quarters of the size; while 
some exhibit lateral patches of dark feathers tipped with blue, grey, 
or white on the neck, the plumage whereof in other species is 
bifurcated and spotted with rufous or white. Many have a black 
nuchal collar, and a few somewhat fawn-coloured upper parts; the 
lower surface is more or less vinaceous, and the rectrices, except 
the two median, are tipped with white or grey. The following 
may exemplify the range of this sixth section of the Peristerinae: 
Turtur communis, the Turtle-Dove of Europe, winters in Northern 
Africa and Western Asia; 7. douraca or risorius (our common 
cage-bird), extends from Turkey to India and Japan; 7. orientalis, 
accidental in Europe, only from India to Japan; 7” tigrinus from 
the Malay countries to the Moluccas; 7. dusswmieri from Borneo 
to the Ladrones; 7. semitorquatus, T. isabellinus, and so forth, 
inhabit Africa ; 7. pictwratus Madagascar, 7’. aldabranus, T. comor- 
ensis, 1’. coppingert, T. abbotti, and 7. rostratus the neighbouring 
