VI UPUPIDAE 2015 
The head and nape are chestnut and black in the respective 
sexes, the hen having the casque yellower.  Penelopides manillac 
of the Philippines has the moderate, compressed casque transparent 
brown, and the naked areas white, becoming purplish in the female. 
Anthracoceros coronatus of India and Ceylon has a large yellow 
subcrescentic casque blotched with black, a bare white throat and 
blackish orbits, the latter being white in the hen. Dichoceros 
bicornis (Fig. 82) of India and the Malay countries has a large 
yellowish-red casque, hollowed and ending in two points ante- 
riorly, which shews black markings in the male; the naked orbits 
are pinkish. Buceros rhinoceros of the Malay Peninsula and Indo- 
Malay Islands has a large red, orange, and black casque, curved 
up in front, and red orbits; the female having less black on the 
former. Bucorvus (Bucoraxz) has a large black casque, nearly or 
quite closed in #&. cafer of South and East Africa, but open 
anteriorly and ridged in B&. abyssinicus of North-East and West 
Africa. In the respective species the naked parts are red and 
blue in the male, blue and purple in the female. Some writers 
adopt a Sub-family Bucorvinae for this genus. 
The fossil Cryptornis of the Upper Eocene of France is 
referred to the Hornbills. 
Fam. VI. Upupidae.—Sub-Fam. 1. Upupinae.—This consists 
of a single genus with five similarly-coloured graceful species, which 
have the beak long and slightly arched, the metatarsi short and 
scutellated throughout, the toes rather long and the claws curved. 
The third and fourth digits only are joined at the base. The 
broad wing has ten primaries and an equal number of secondaries, 
the short, square tail has ten rectrices, the nestlings possess a 
little down. Otherwise the structure resembles that of Hornbills. 
Generally found solitary or in pairs, Hoopoes stalk proudly 
along the ground, nodding their heads, expanding and contracting 
their crests, and uttering the soft reiterated “hoop” or “ hoo,” 
from which is derived their name. Besides probing the soil, 
the bird taps the ground with its bill or foot, and some persons 
think that worms are brought to the surface by the vibration ; 
but it will also tap any perch, whether on branch, stump, or wall. 
The food consists of flies taken on the wing, insects generally, 
and worms ; individuals being frequently observed climbing rocks 
or branches of trees in search of prey, and carefully examining 
heaps of refuse. Before being swallowed the larger objects are 
