418 CORACIIFORMES CHAP. 
occupy nearly the whole globe, except the coldest parts, the Eastern 
Pacific Islands and New Zealand. 
Sub-fam. 1. Caprimulginae.—Caprimulqus europaeus, the 
Nightjar, Goatsucker, or Fern-Owl, visits Britain for the summer, 
and extends from Europe and North Africa to South Mongolia 
in Asia, reaching North-West India and South Africa in winter. 
C. ruficollis of South-West Europe and the neighbouring portions 
of Africa has once occurred in England, as has C. aegyptius of 
North-East Africa and West Asia. The genera Heleothreptus 
of Brazil and Argentina, and MJacrodipteryx of Tropical Africa, 
contain respectively one and two members, remarkable for the 
extraordinary elongation of the remiges in the male. A. anomalus 
has the first six primaries curved inwards, the seventh, eighth, 
= =k = Z 
yyy iS midliM Hh 
ON 
Fig. 87.—Nightjar or Goatsucker. Caprimulgus europaeus. x 3. 
and ninth prolonged—especially the eighth; JZ vewillarius, the 
Pennant-winged Nightjar, has the same three feathers produced, 
but the ninth in particular; Jf macrodipterus has the ninth alone 
extended, with long bare shaft and racquet-like tip: and this is 
at times erected when the bird is sitting on the ground. Scotornis 
climacurus of the north of Tropical Africa, the four species of 
Hydropsalis, inhabiting South America southwards to Argentina, 
and the three of Macropsalis, ranging from Panama to Bolivia 
and South-East Brazil, have enormously elongated rectrices, the 
median pair being highly developed in the first-named, the whole 
number in the second, and the lateral pair in the last. These long 
feathers seem to impede the flight but little, though Hydropsalis 
constantly opens and shuts its tail in the air. 
Sub-fam. 2. Nyetibivinae—Six species of Nyctibius oceur in 
Tropical America, including Jamaica, and utter wailing cries. 
